Shqipëria e Kaukazeve

[Tirana]

Po kerkoja dicka ne google.de , dhe si per cudi mu c'faqen shume faqe qe kishin te njejtin verzion ne lidhje me Albania ,Kaukasus . Pasi lexova nje histori mbi Krishtin , te cilen e kishin sajuar jo ne menyren biblike por ne menyre historike , se Krishti kishte shkuar ne Kaukasus , dhe ne kllapa ishte( dikur Albania) dhe aty kishte jetuar deri ne moshen 80 vjecare . Pastaj u bera kurjoze , se ndoshta dikur Kaukasusi ka pasur nje emer te tille si Albania , por per cudi ne shume faqe thonin se Kaukasusi dikur ka pasur emrin Albania dhe se popullsia ka emigruar ne Albani ku eshte dhe sot . U mundova te lexoja mbi historin e Kaukasusit , por shumica ishin ne Anglisht , ku per fat te keq nuk e di aq perfekt . Nese ndonjeri do ket mundesi te na bjeri ketu dicka ne lidhje me kete histori , do bej mire , per te na ndihmuar ne qartesimin e ketyre thashethemeve , neper internet .

[sdb]

Albani,

eshte nje krahine ne Kaukaze! Keto jane "dokrra" te Akademikeve sllave te BeliGradit! Aspak te argumentuara dhe te bazuara ne fakte te verteta, por teresisht te bazuara ne TH-A-SH-E-TH-E-M-E.

Ne jemi popull autokton! Populli shqiptar ka qene ne keto vise qe ndodhet tani, qe ne kohen e Adamit e Eves

e sheh sa e madhe eshte influenca serbo-greke!? Edhe ne internet kane fillu me "de-formu" historine...!? Vetem Historia nuk mund te bazohet ne thashetheme, ne te kunderten nuk do te mund te quhet Histori, por Anekdota ose Legjenda

[D&G Feminine]

Lexova disa site lidhur me kete dhe me interes mu duk kjo me poshte qe eshte marre nga http://www.azembassy.com/azerbaijan/backgr.htm

Une nuk kam kohe ta perkthej po dua te theksoj dicka interesante: Kaukazi Albanian u formua direkt pasi Aleksandri i madh pushtoi Azerbajxhanin. Ju duket rastesi kjo ?!


The conquest of Persia by Alexander the Great led to the emergence of the states of Atropatena (Adarbaygan) and the Caucasian Albania. Atropatena was established in the year 323 BC on the Azerbaijani –populated territories, which are now in Iran, and the Caucasian Albania in 4-5th century BC on the territory of the present-day Republic of Azerbaijan..

During that of time, the Zoroastrian religion dominated in Azerbaijan, and Qazaka, the capital of Atropatena was the spiritual center of Zoroastrian priests. In the 3rd century, Christianity became a principal religion in the Caucasian Albania and in the 4th century, an autonomous Albanian Apostolic Church was established. The Russian Empire’s authorities revoked the long-held autonomy of the Albanian Christian Church in the 19th century





Historical Background A Rich, Proud and Diverse Foundation


Today’s Azerbaijani citizens are the heirs to a rich history and culture. Located in the Caucasus, on the western coast of the Caspian Sea, the modern Republic of Azerbaijan occupies the world’s most important strategic crossroads between East and West. A country at the center of the historic Silk Road, Azerbaijan treasures its natural and cultural diversity. The largest country of the South Caucasus, it is home, along with ethnic Azeris, to more than 70 different ethnic groups, including Kurds, Jews, Russians, Armenians, Lezghis and many others.

Azerbaijan with its favorable nature and a mild climate was among the birthplaces of mankind. It was here that the Azykh cave, the earliest human habitat on Earth dating back 1-1,2 million years, was found.

As early as in the third millenium BC, tribal entities like Aratta, Lullubum and Kutium emerged on the territory of historic Azerbaijan. Later, in the first millenium BC, the Zoroastrian states of Manna and Midiya were established on Azerbaijani lands. Midya, in alliance with Babylon, successfully fought the Assyrians but in the 7th century BC was defeated by the Persian Empire.

Located at the heart of ancient civilizations, Azerbaijan has been invaded and fought over by many empires and rulers, including Alexander the Great, the Roman general Pompey, the Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan, and Russia’s Peter the Great.

The conquest of Persia by Alexander the Great led to the emergence of the states of Atropatena (Adarbaygan) and the Caucasian Albania. Atropatena was established in the year 323 BC on the Azerbaijani –populated territories, which are now in Iran, and the Caucasian Albania in 4-5th century BC on the territory of the present-day Republic of Azerbaijan..

During that of time, the Zoroastrian religion dominated in Azerbaijan, and Qazaka, the capital of Atropatena was the spiritual center of Zoroastrian priests. In the 3rd century, Christianity became a principal religion in the Caucasian Albania and in the 4th century, an autonomous Albanian Apostolic Church was established. The Russian Empire’s authorities revoked the long-held autonomy of the Albanian Christian Church in the 19th century.In the 7th century, Muslim Arabs invaded Azerbaijan introducing Islam to the Caucasus. Until the 9th century Azerbaijan was a province of the Arab Caliphate. The Caliphate gradually weakened and lost its influence, partially due to the longest revolt in its history, the Azerbaijani – based uprising of Khurramittes in the 9th century.

The 9th century saw the formation of autonomous feudal states on the Azerbaijani lands. The most stable among them was the state of Shirvanshahs, which survived until 1538.

Azerbaijan became a part of the Seljuk Empire in the 11th century. Under the Seljuk rule, the immigration of Turkic tribes further strengthened the ancient and already dominant Turkic presence in Azerbaijan.

The 12th century marked the emergence of the powerful state of Atabeys (Eldegizes) and the ''age of the Muslim renaissance'' in Azerbaijan. This “renaissance” owed its glory, among others, to the literary genius of Nizami Ganjavi, poets like Mahsati Ganjavi, Abu-l Ula Ganjavi, Falaki Shirvani, Khaqani Shirvani, and the architect Ajami Nakhchivani. Azerbaijani literary and architectural masterpieces became an outstanding contribution to the world’s cultural heritage.

The Mongols invaded Azerbaijan in the 13th century and at the end of the 14th century Azerbaijan was conquered by the Central Asian ruler Tamerlan.

Between 1501 and 1736 the Azerbaijani Sefevi dynasty, founded by Shah Ismayil Khatai, ruled Iran and neighboring countries, including Azerbaijan. Among the 19 semi-independent entities, such as khanates and sultanates, which emerged following the fall of the Sefevi dynasty, were the Azerbaijani khanates of Karabakh with the capital in Shusha and the khanate of Iravan with the capital in Iravan (Erevan, the capital of modern Armenia).

Russia's imperial expansion in the Caucasus began in 1723 with Peter the Great’s Caspian crusade. In 1796 the Russian army returned to the Caucasus. After the annexation of Georgia in 1801, the Russian Empire began the process of occupation of the Azerbaijani khanates, and by 1828, after two Russian-Persian wars, Azerbaijan was split into two parts. The northern portion is what would become modern Azerbaijan.

Since the mid – 19th century the oil industry has been flourishing in Azerbaijan. The first industrial oil well was drilled in 1848. In the late 19th - early 20th centuries, Baku was producing 95% of the Russian Empire’s and about 50% of the world's oil production. Westerners such as the Nobels and Rotchshilds were among the oil magnates of Baku. It was also at that time that the Azerbaijani composer Uzeyir Hajibayov wrote his “Leyli and Majnun,” the first opera in the Muslim world.

When the Czar’s rule ended in Russia at the end of World War I, Azerbaijan seized the opportunity to declare its independence. On May 28, 1918 - a date still celebrated today as the Republic Day - the Azerbaijani people established their own independent state, the first Republic in the Muslim East. The international community, including the United States, recognized the sovereignty of the new country. Azerbaijan became one of the first nations in the region to adopt a secular, democratic form of government. At the conclusion of the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson was said to have remarked that the Azerbaijanis he met “talked the same language that I did with respect to ideals, and the concepts of liberty and justice.”

Within two years of declaring independence, however, Russia again asserted its rule over Azerbaijan. In April 1920, the Bolshevik Red Army supported by Armenian armed units invaded the country massacring scores of civilians and overthrowing the democratic government. Azerbaijan was forcibly incorporated into the Soviet Union and for the next 70 years, was governed under Communist rule.

During the late 1980s, many Azerbaijanis were hopeful that independence would return as a result of the Soviet Union’s decline. On September 23, 1989, Azerbaijan was among the first Soviet republics to adopt its own Constitutional Law on Sovereignty.

Yet, Azerbaijan’s independence did not come easily. In 1990, Soviet troops invaded Baku, resulting in the deaths of more than a hundred civilians. In the end, however, Azerbaijan’s pro-Moscow regime grew weaker and by 1991, popular pressure led the country to break away from Soviet rule and declare its independence.

On August 30, 1991, Azerbaijan’s Parliament adopted the Declaration on the Restoration of the State Independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan, and on October 18, 1991, the Constitutional Act on the State Independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan was approved.

November 1991 marked the beginning of international recognition of Azerbaijan’s independence. In 1992, the country became a member of the United Nations and Conference for Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), now known as the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE).

This was also a period when the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict over the Nagorno Karabakh region of Azerbaijan became a major international dispute. The collapse of the Soviet Union had created chaos and uncertainty in the region, and Armenian extremists took advantage of these circumstances. In 1992, Armenia launched a campaign of open aggression against Azerbaijan. Armenian armed forces conducted brutal ethnic cleansing and acts of genocide against Azerbaijani civilians. During only one night, more than 750 Azerbaijani civilians were massacred in the town of Khojali and Armenia gained a major stronghold in the Nagorno Karabakh region of Azerbaijan. Today, the per capita ratio of the displaced population within the Republic of Azerbaijan is one of the highest in the world. The displaced communities in Azerbaijan include refugees brutally expelled from Armenia in 1988-89, Internally Displaced Persons from the regions occupied by the Armenian forces, and the Meskheti Turkish refugees.

Following these difficulties, the leader of the Popular Front political movement, Abulfaz Elchibey, was elected Azerbaijan’s first new, post-Soviet president. However, within a year, the new government’s inability to address the worsening military situation in Nagorno Karabakh and the declining domestic economy led to Elchibey’s departure from office. In October 1993, Heydar Aliyev, the Deputy Speaker of the Parliament, was elected President.

Newly elected President Aliyev faced many challenges, including numerous, uncontrolled armed mobs, which had emerged in Azerbaijan at the time the Soviet Union was dissolved. Renegade groups attempted to overthrow President Aliyev’s government, but each time they failed, and the armed opposition groups lost support among the population and became weaker.

The results of presidential elections in October of 1998 and both parliamentary elections held in November of 1995 and November of 2000, respectively, affirmed public approval of President Aliyev’s policies. His New Azerbaijan Party received the majority of seats in both parliamentary elections, a sign of considerable popular support for the President’s efforts to establish democratic institutions.

President Aliyev is credited with creating a stable political environment, instituting positive economic reforms, and preventing further bloodshed in the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict. He has overcome major obstacles, both internal and external, to bring peace, stability, economic and democratic reforms to Azerbaijan. As a result of his leadership, the country is on the verge of becoming an influential political and economic leader in the region, a dynamic free market, and a new ally to the United States. In January 2001, the Republic of Azerbaijan became a member of the Council of Europe

[D&G Feminine]

Kaukazet Albanian qenkan katolike!Udins - Early Christians of Azerbaijan Greet the Pope

Left: Zurab Kananchef presents the Pope with an ornate Udin wooden cross. Udins believe they are descended from the first Christians in the Caucasus and date back to the early centuries AD.

During the Pope's visit to Baku in May, the Udins of Azerbaijan presented him with a wooden cross, a symbol of their struggle to maintain their Christian heritage throughout the centuries, up through the end of Soviet rule in the region.

There are approximately 8,000 Udins throughout the world; 5,000 of them live in Azerbaijan-in Baku, the Nij village in the Gabala region and in the center of the Oghuz region. Other significant Udin communities are in Georgia. The Udins speak a language of their own and represent the remnant of a very early Christian community in Azerbaijan that traces its roots back to the 4th century Caucasus Albanian Church [Don't confuse Caucasus Albania with the Balkan country known as Albania].

Over the centuries, the Udins have been equated with Armenians but, in reality, they are one of the distinct ethnic groups that made up part of Caucasian Albania. The Udins and Albanians once had their own catholicos, congregations and church buildings in Nagorno-Karabakh. Then, in 1836, Russian Czar Nicholas I made a political decision to dissolve the Albanian church, stripping it of its ecclesiastical hierarchy and turning over its places of worship to the Armenian Gregorian Church. From then onward, Mass was conducted in Armenian and the architecture of the churches was modified to reflect Armenian beliefs relating to the nature of Christ (See Kish Church, AI 8.4)

Left: The older of two Udin churches in Nij village, Gabala Region.

These days, Udins are seeking to recover their unique history. For this reason, Zurab Kananchef, a master's student in history and founder of the Research Center of Caucasian Albania, presented an Albanian cross to the Pope. "The cross was a symbol of our survival and our struggle to hold onto our traditions and culture even 160 years after they were taken from us," Zurab said. "The Pope's visit gave us a chance to introduce our history to millions of Catholics throughout the world. His acknowledgement of our cross meant more than words can express. It was a gesture of good will and the recognition of a small nation and the culmination of a long process to introduce the Catholic church to our very ancient Christian community.

[bUster]

Internet trash.

[Era1]

PO si ka mundesi qe nuk kemi trasheguar asnje fjale nga paraardhesit tane ne asnje zakon?
Keto jane dokrra ne fillim na nxorren qe i perkasim Greqise e tani qenkemi nga Kaukazi mos ju jepni dore teorive te tilla qe vetem dem na bejne.

[Hyllien]

Nga paraardhesit tane Iliret dhe Pellazget kemi trasheguar nje fjalor te tere, fjalori homerik qe ka me shekuj qe i jepet kredit shqiptareve dhe akoma me teper kjo gje po intensifikohet pasi cdo rrenje ka shpjegim me shqipen, ose me sakte arberishten. Me kaukazet nuk kemi azgje, ndersa po te shohesh zakonet shqiptare, sidomos ato te lidhjeve te gjakut, dhe menyres se hakmarrjes, te lexosh me kujdes Homerin do shohesh ate qe kane pare gjithe studiuesit me te medhenje, qe zakonet Homerike te Clytemnestres e Akilit jane gjalle ne Shqiperine e sotme dhe ne malesite e Malit te Zi ashtu sic na shkruan dhe Edith Durhami. Jo vetem kaq, por ne malesi te caktuara sipas Edith Durhamit por edhe Aristidh Koles dhe Noel Malcolmit, pjesa e burrit mban mend paraardhesit e tije pa problem deri ne shekullin e 13, dhe thuhet qe deri para 2-3 shekujsh ata mbanin mend ketu e dhjetra gjenerata me pare se kush ishin.

Ja nje figure mbijetese qe un kam blere diku, qe te kuptosh si kane mbijetuar zakonet iliro-helene tek shqiptaret. Nuk eshte per tu habitur, kur ne Itali shqiptaret kane 500 vjet dhe akoma nuk kane harruar zakonet, po ne token e tyre ?
Kjo eshte nje nga fotografite me te famshme te zones Mirditore, ka kopje gjithandej qe mund te blihen.

[Tirana]

Nga paraardhesit tane Iliret dhe Pellazget kemi trasheguar nje fjalor te tere, fjalori homerik qe ka me shekuj qe i jepet kredit shqiptareve dhe akoma me teper kjo gje po intensifikohet pasi cdo rrenje ka shpjegim me shqipen, ose me sakte arberishten. Me kaukazet nuk kemi azgje, ndersa po te shohesh zakonet shqiptare, sidomos ato te lidhjeve te gjakut, dhe menyres se hakmarrjes, te lexosh me kujdes Homerin do shohesh ate qe kane pare gjithe studiuesit me te medhenje, qe zakonet Homerike te Clytemnestres e Akilit jane gjalle ne Shqiperine e sotme dhe ne malesite e Malit te Zi ashtu sic na shkruan dhe Edith Durhami. Jo vetem kaq, por ne malesi te caktuara sipas Edith Durhamit por edhe Aristidh Koles dhe Noel Malcolmit, pjesa e burrit mban mend paraardhesit e tije pa problem deri ne shekullin e 13, dhe thuhet qe deri para 2-3 shekujsh ata mbanin mend ketu e dhjetra gjenerata me pare se kush ishin.

Ja nje figure mbijetese qe un kam blere diku, qe te kuptosh si kane mbijetuar zakonet iliro-helene tek shqiptaret. Nuk eshte per tu habitur, kur ne Itali shqiptaret kane 500 vjet dhe akoma nuk kane harruar zakonet, po ne token e tyre ?
Kjo eshte nje nga fotografite me te famshme te zones Mirditore, ka kopje gjithandej qe mund te blihen.

Jam shume dakort me shkrimin tend , dhe keto gjera jane te dokumentuara , ne Historine tone . Por nje gje me cudit , perse ne historin e Kaukazit , permendet Albania dhe Albanet . Nuk e di ne eshte debatuar kjo gje ndonjeher nga Historianet tane per kete ceshtje . Une per vete nuk i besoj , dhe me teper duke krahasu alfabetin tone me alfabetin e Kaukazeve , nuk kan fare ngjashmeri .

[Ryder]

Deep-Purple

Mesa po shof e paske marre shum seriozisht ket shprehjen "iliro-helene".

[Hyllien]

Tirana,
Albania ju vu nga Aleksandri i Madh si emer, megjithate Skocia nje here e nje kohe u ka pas quajtur Albani gjithashtu. Puna qendron qe ne Shqiptaret nuk e kemi quajtur kurre veten Albane, por Arber, dhe Shqiptar. Emertimi Alban eshte emertim i te huajve ndaj nesh. Kete e thone te gjithe studiuesit te ceshtjes shqiptare, ndersa ata qe duan te nxjerrin prejardhje mund te bejne cte duan, fakti eshte qe un nuk e quaj veten Alban ne shpine time, por shqiptar dhe arber ashtu sic e kane quajtuar dhe paraardhesit e mi.

Ryder,
Fallmerayerit dhe nje sere studiuesish te tjere i eshte dashur rreth 3 vellime gjigante qe te nxirrte popullin helen te zhdukur, dhe qe nuk ka lidhje fisnore me Iliret. Si perfundim vdiq dhe nuk gjeti gje. Lexo Kadarene mbi Eskilin, lexo zakonet e shqiptareve dhe krahasoi ato me Homerin. Helenet qe te merrshin ate emer ju desh mese 1000 vjet, me perpara quheshin Mollose, Akej etj etj. Keto fise nuk erdhen nga Azia ketu, por erdhen nga Ballkani verior poshte. Nese ne ballkan ka ekzistuar ndonje rrace tjeter jo-ilire atehere le ta gjejme qe mos jene iliro-helene por te jene dicka tjeter.

Sidoqetejete asnjerit nuk i ben pershtypje spostimi i tempullit te Dodones, por pala qe "mbron" shqiptaret e quan pervetesim te grekeve, ndersa pala qe mbron greket thote se nuk ka pas ilire atje, nderkohe qe dihen se atje kan qene Molloset dhe fiset e tjera te ndryshme Ilire te Epirit. Teza Iliro-Helene hedh poshte tezen indo-europiane qe i identifikon helenet e iliret lashte me siriane e popuj te tjere nga india. Jo per gje gjuha greke e lashte fliteshe ne shqiperi nga te shkolluarit e jugut, dhe shqipja ishte gjuha e malesise qe nuk kishte ndryshuar. Greqishtja e re nuk eshte gje tjeter vecse nje konglomerat i aplikuar i shqipes se vjeter, turqishtes, fjaleve semite dhe greqishtes se lashte. Ne fakt studiuesit thone qe mos ishte shkruajtur me shkronja greke nuk do merreshe vesh se cfare gjuhe ishte.

Gjuha ndryshon dhe evolon. Ashtu sic eshte gjuha Etruske e shpjegueshme me shqipen e sotme me shume se cdo gjuhe tjeter, ashtu eshte dhe greqishtja nje evolim i shqipes por me perpunim tjeter. Etrusket dolen pak me vone, dhe erdhen nga dalmacia dhe u ulen ne italine veriore. Pra ishin fise ilire te veriut, mundesisht dardane e pjesa tjeter siper nga kroacia e tutje. Gjuha e tyre eshte shume me e ngjashme me shqipen e sotme pasi dhe evolimi i tyre gjuhesor nuk pati kohe te evoloheshe sic u be ne greqi qe ra ne kontakt dhe me popuj te ndryshem, ndersa etrusket u shkaterruan nga romaket menjehere. Megjithate ata shikonin Dodonen si tempull te tyrin sic kane sugjeruar dhe shume historiane.