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  1. #1
    Shpirt Shqiptari Maska e Albo
    Anėtarėsuar
    16-04-2002
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    Philadelphia
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    Kush eshte Edit Durham?

    Per Edit Durhamin duhet te jete thene se ka qene nje grua e veshtire. Ne shkrimin e pare per te qe ruhet ne arkivat e Ministrise se Jashtme Britanike thuhet: "Zonjusha Durham eshte e pakeshillueshme ne leter kembime". Rebecca West, R.W Seton-Watson, Henri Wickham Steed dhe shumica e shkrimtareve te tjere te rendesishem ne Evropen Lindore te kohes mes dy luftrave boterore, mendonin per te se ajo i ishte shmangur ketyre ceshtjeve. E cilesuar si avokate e shpirtit kombetar te shqiptareve, ndaj saj ishte shpifur nga kritiket angleze, te cilet ne pergjithesi i jepnin me shume favore ne ceshtjen e Jugosllavise se bashkuar. Polemikat e saj ne politiken ballkanike dhe ne kulturen regresive per te cilen ajo e quante "parazitet serbe", e bene ate bashkekohore. Shume mendime te saj jane quajtur te cuditshme dhe totalisht te marra. "Udhetimet dhe jeta mes klaneve ne Veri te Shqiperise,- thoshin ata,- kishin ndikuar ne gjykimin dhe vlera e sjelljes". "Fakti eshte qe ndersa gjithnje denonconte mentalitetin ballkanik", shkruan profesor Seton Watson ne 1929-"ajo shprehte gjithcka cfare mendonte per boten". Durham ishte sidoqofte, interpretja e domosdoshme e Shqiperise ne shekullin e 20-te dhe argumentuesja e shumices se shkrimtareve per kulturen e ketij vendi qe nga koha e udhetimeve te J.C.Hobhouse dhe Xhorxh Bajronit. E adhuruara e shqiptareve, Durhami u quajt "Krajlica e Malesoreve", ose ne anglisht "The Queen of Highlanders", "Mbreteresha e Malesoreve". "Ajo na dha ne zemren dhe ajo fitoi zemrat e malesoreve" ka shkruar mbreti ne ekzil i shqiptareve Ahmet Zogu ne gazeten "The Times" ne vdekjen e saj ne vitin 1944 (kur dihet qe ai nuk kishte marredhenie te mira me te). I vetmi anglez tjeter qe kishte qene shume i perzemert per shqiptaret ishte Norman Wisdom, te cilin diktatori komunist Enver Hoxha gjeti me buje per argetim. Durham punonte shume. "Shqiperia e Eperme" (1909) eshte vlere e grumbullimeve qe ajo ka bere. Ajo eshte akoma guida e shquar e zakoneve folklorike, social strukturore, ligjeve zakonore, besimeve fetare dhe perrallave tradicionale shqiptare, vecanerisht ne veri te lumit Shkumbin, ku organizimi social e fisnor dhe dialekti i dallueshem Geg, dallonte nga banoret e zonave te ulta dhe te Jugut. Per fat te keq, sot Durham eshte figure jo shume e ndricuar e njohur vetem per udhetimet dhe korrespodencat e saj. Vetem nje nga veprat e saj eshte botuar dhe qe atehere nuk ka asgje tjeter ne dispozicion. Letrat dhe fotografite e saj jane vendosur midis Muzeumit te Menkind dhe ne Institutin Antropologjik Mbreteror ne Londer. Koleksioni i saj pasur me bizhuteri dhe tekstile, mbahet nga Muzeu Pitt Rivers dhe ne Muzeumin Bankfield ne Halifaks, West Yorkshire, ku ne ekspozite jane vendosur permanente per jeten dhe punen e saj te instaluara ne vitin 1996. Dy ese ne koleksionin e shquar "Qingjat e zinj" dhe "Skifteri gri": "Udhetimet e grave te Ballkanit", tani jane duke u botuar nga botuesit John B.Allcock dhe Antonia Yang, e shoqeruar me nje parathenie te personalitetit kompleks dhe karrieres se Durhamit. Por, e pangjashmja Freya Stark dhe grate e tjera aventuriere ne Lindjen e Aferme, nuk kishte gjetur biografe. Fuqia e fames se Durhamit eshte e cuditshme. Bile sot toni i prere denoncimeve te tyre akoma te shokon. Pjeserisht ato jane nje reaksion ndaj personaliteteve te vena perballe saj. Aktualisht lidhur me Durham ka me shume pikepyetje se sa marrdhenie personale te intelektualeve britanike. Rruga qe ajo nuhaste njekohesisht dhe vecanerisht ndryshimet e stuhishme me Seton Watson, nxorren ne pah se si trazirat ne Ballkan mund te infektojne jeten personale te saj e cila i interpretonte ato gjeresisht rreth intelektualeve perendimore dhe pozicionit te tyre si te autorizuar te gatshem per te konkuruar ne interesat e vendit. Meri Edit Durham lindi ne vitin 1863 ne Hanover Square, Londer. Babai i saj Artur Eduard Durham ishte nje kirurg qe dallohej me shume per familjen te madhe me 8 femije, te gjithe me profesiona ete nderuara. Edit manifestoi ambicie arstistike dhe pas marrjes se mesimeve private ne Londer, ajo frekuentonte Akademine Mbreterore te Arteve. Ajo u be nj- mjeshtre ne ilustrime me boje uji dhe disa ekspoizita te shumta e moren ate per te realizuar ilustrimet e Historine Natyrale te Kembrixhit ne kapitullin zvarraniket dhe amfibet.

    Dhe femijeria e vonshme,-ne moshen 30 vjece akoma nuk ishte martuar-, Edit u kujdes per mamane e saj te semure pas vdekjes se babait. Pergjegjesia qe ajo ndjente u be nxitje per pengesat dhe problemet ne Ballkan. Ne moshen 37 vjecare Durham levizi nga Trieste per ne Cattaor te brigjeve te Dalmacise dhe sistemua ne Cetinje, kryeqyteti ekzotik i Malit te Zi. Udhetimi ishte parashikuar si qetesues, i rekomanduar nga doktoreet pas viteve te tera kujdesje per mamane e saj, por ne kete udhetim, ajo zbuloi mjeshterine e saj.

    Pas 20 viteve te tjera, ajo udhetonte sistematikisht ne Jug te Ballkanit duke pnuar ne organizata te ndryshme, duke fituar zemrat me pikturat qe ajo bente per fshatrat dhe koleksionet dhe artin folklorik. Ajo filloi gjithashtu te shkruante rregullisht gjate luftrave ballkanike dhe gjate Luftes se Pare Boterore duke u bere perkrahese e kauzes kombetare te shqiptareve ne shtypin periodik ne Britani, Gjermani dhe SHBA. Ne dy dekadat e tjera, ajo shkroi shtate libra per ceshtjet e Ballkanit, duke filluar me librin "Permes tokes serbe"(1904) per gjithe qendrimit ne Malin e Zi dhe Serbi, permes kapitujve "Orgjina e disa fiseve", "Ligjeve dhe zakoneve ne Ballkan"(1928), nje permbledhje e dobishme per doket dhe foklorin e zhdukur. Ajo gjithashtu u be nje bashkepunetore e rregullt e gazetes "Men" dhe korrespodencat e saj per folklorin ballkanik e shnderruan ate ne nje mik te Institutit Antropologjik Mbreteror.

    Durham e quante Ballkanin "toka e jetes se shkuar". Per te, keto krahina nuk lidheshin me alienet, por nje pasqyre mjaft e kendshmne, te cilen vizitoret perendimore mund te shikonin veten duke e krahasuar me stadin e zhvillimit. Ne librin "Shqiperia e Eperme" ajo shkroi se "Per folklorin ne kete kohe, ka gjithnje nevoje te studiohet". Perplasja me Perendimin ne idete e saj, e bene ate mjaft popullare teksa arriti deri te perkundte ne djep nje foshnje, duke e shoqeruar me fjalet: Kete qe bera une e bene disa mijera njerez vite me pare, ne kete menyre a mund te genjej ne pritje te armikut tim? Keshtu qe a mendova une dhe a veprova keshtu ne fillimet e mia ne gazeten "Time". Ballkani ishte per Durhamin nje pjese e Evropes, me moshen e Homerit. Ka nje rrezik profesional te studiosh vendet dhe popujt e tjere. Ne asnje nga udhetimet ne vende te largeta, menaxhimi i te mesuarit dhe dicka nga kultura lokale, mund te imunizje teresisht drejt trilleve romantike nga ekzistenca e kombeve si ndermjetese dhe interprete e botes se jashtme. Te tilla ishin marredheniet e Durhamit me shqiptaret. Ajo erdhi te shikonte mjerimin e tyre-nje komb qe aspiratat territoriale ishin larg vemendjes pas Luftes se Pare Boterore, ndersa bashkimi cilesohej nje fole grerezash ne Ballkan. Ajo kishte qene nje percuese e malesoreve shqiptare, sidoqe per nje grua nuk ishte e zakonshme te udhetonte be zona te thella malore, nocioni i nje femre te vetem sillte cudi per zakonet shqiptare: Tradita e shqiptareve "virgjeri e betuar" dhe se nese grate sulmoheshin, pergjegjesia ishte e burrave, duke e veshur me status, i lane te kuptohej se udhetimi ne kete vend ishte i pa trazuar. Por, ajo nuk degjoi shume prkrahes te percmimit te ceshtjes shqiptare. Ndersa Rebeka West shkroi "Qingjat e zinj" dhe "Skifteri gri" Durham ishte anetare e nje grupi udhetaresh ne Ballkan te cilet kur kthyen thane se njohen "nje popull Ballkanas me zemer, qe vuan por qe eshte i pafajshem, perjetesisht i masakruar dhe aspak masakrues". Por, me R.W Seton-Watson, profesor, editor, keshilltari i qeverise dhe nje nga perfaqesuesit e minoriteteve te Evropes Qendrore pati mendime te ndryshme. Korrespdenca Durham-Seton Watson (ajo ishte strehuar ne Seton Walson dhe merrej me studimet e Evropes Lindore ne shkollen sllave) eshte e rendesishme jo vetem per drite-hijet rreth dy shkrimtareve me te rendesishem qe kane shkruar per ceshtjen e Ballkanit ne shekulin e fundit, por gjithnje per faktin e ndryshimit te thelle te mentalitetit rreth natyres intelektuale dhe ankesat qe ata i benin asaj. Gjate Luftes se Pare Boterore, Seton Watson botoi ne gazeten "The New Europe", qe njihet si kampioni i empacimit te ceshtjeve te nacionaliteteve, keto shperthime nga Perandoria Habsburg. Gazeta e quajti fitore integrale, nje fitore qe njihte rregullat e kombeve dhe siguronte per paqen ne kontinent. Ketu u perfshine edhe bashkepunetoret, pervec Seton Watson si editor, Tomas Masaryk dhe historiani rumun Nikolae Jorga dhe shume shkrimtare te rendesishem ne ceshtjet nderkombetare perfshine edhe Durham. Ne mars te vitit 1920 Durham i shkroi duke iu ankuar Seton Watson rreth cfare ajo shikonte si proserbe ne "The New Evrope" dhe akuzonet botuesit per injorancen e paramenduar ndaj shqiptareve ne Malin e Zi dhe Kosove. "Une kam derguar informacion se pas vendosjes se armepushimit, serbet kishin djegur dhe shkaterruar fshatarat shqiptare, katolike dhe myslimane. Por, "The New Europe" une e di, qe kjo gazete do te ta cilesoje informacionin te genjeshtert. E verteta po fshihet, cfare cmendurie qe gjerat shkojne gabim"!

    Durham kishte shkruar me pare nje pjese "Bektashiu shqiptar", e cila ishte botuar, ishte shoqeruar nga nje note indinjate qe bordi i gazetes nuk e pa te nevojshme te ishte ne nje mendje me autoren, duke perfshire kundershtine ndaj saj per mosbashkimin e Kosoves ne mbreterine e sllaveve te Jugut. Seton Watson kerkoi falje ne nje shenim, duke menduar qe nuk ishte qellimi i bordit te fyente personalisht Durham, por thjesht te veconte editoret nga e mendimet personale ne artikullin e saj.

    Durham shume shpejt shkroi perseri. "Ai shkrim nuk ishte fyerje personale tha ajo, por nje ilustrim mjaft i madherishem te arrogances te pabesueshme te berjes se politikes ne Ballkan. Nga pjeset efektive te tokes shqiptare mes nje Shqiperie indipendente dhe krijimi i nje mbreterie foshnje te serbeve, kroateve dhe slloveneve, qe do te perbeje Jugosllavine, fuqite e Europes krijuan kushtet per nje Armeni te dyte. Shqiptaret, pa artileri, pa plane, do te jene ne meshiren e ushtrise serbe dhe kjo idiotesi do te kete reston ne "Konferencen e Paqes". "Tragjedia reale,- vazhdonte ajo,- nuk i shkonte per shtat ketyre politikave te cilat e quajne koklavitje te merreshin me Ballkanin. Perpjekjet e tyre per te aplikuar standartet europiane per kete toke-shkemb, ishte shkaterrim. Madje, kur marreveshja e paqes kishte dhene sinjalet e saj, ata ende nuk kishin garantuar trajtimin e minoriteteve qe me shume lidhnin me gjakun dhe fene. Por Edit shkruante: Keta njerez qe nuk kane jetuar asnje muaj ne Ballkan, perpilojne me shume hollesi artikuj per te drejtat e minoriteteve, te cilat nuk jane te verteta. Madje keta jane te pafuqishem ndaj zyrtareve te vegjel dhe vendeve xhadare. Durham argumentoi se nuk ishte zgjidhje idea se qe konvergjonte ne terheqjen e vijes kufitare duke perfshire nje popullsi te vogel nen protektoriatin e huaj. Sipas saj rreziku i perhapjes se dhunes permes forcave te terhequra do te jete i madh, ndersa gjysma e popullit te deshperuar me pak humbje do ta cilesoje ate si humbje beteje. Kjo do te sillte vetem kaos. Marrdheniet mes Durham dhe Seton Watson u tendosen tashme ne kohe ne Konferencen e Paqes ku u riafirmua ekzistenca e statusit te Shqiperise, por ku u lane shume toka shqiptare jashte kufijve. Pas disa viteve burimet e mosmarreveshjeve evoluan nga politika konkrete me shume ne debate personale ku komentet konsistonin ne ate qe kush ishte me i kualifikuar ne ceshtjet ballkanike, Durham paraqiti Seton Watson si nje zoteri te ri. Ai kishte ardhur nga Ballkani nga Veriu, permes interesave te slloveneve dhe kroateve ne Austro-Hungari dhe megjithate pak dinte te bente ndryshimet me rracen e Jugut. "Ju bete te paret njohje per te vleresuar sllavet e Austrise te cilet i kane borxh kulturen e tyre gjenerateve te kultures qytetare austriake" shkroi ajo per te ne Dhjetor te vitit 1924 "dhe ju nuk mberthyet, kapet, rrezikun e e subjektit per egersirat serbe te cilin ju nuk e njihni.

    Sa me shume kohe kalonte, Durham behej edhe me shume atiserbe. Ajo e denonte Mbreterine Serbe. Sipas saj, kroatet dhe sllovenet ishin me shume nje maskim per Serbine e Madhe. Mbreteria e sllaveve te rinj te Jugut ishte drejtuar nga ish-familja mbreterore serbe dhe ishin po ata qe udhehoqen politikat e luftes. "Pashic & Co",- i shkruante ajo Seton Watson ne mars te vitit 1925 duke iu referuar kryeministrit jugosllav Nikola Pashic,- nuk ka krijuar nje Jugosllavi por zbatoi qellimin e tyre orgjinal te ndertimit te Serbise se Madhe...Larg nga te qenit liberal duke vendosur rregullin e ashper se sa me pare. Fshatrat kishin qene rrafshuar nga barbairzamt, nje rekord i ofensives qe mund te shtyje minoritetet ne Jugosllavi drejt ushtrise se Rusise Bolshevike. "Politikat dhe politikanet e papelqyer per Serbine,- mendonte ajo,- kishin lindur per me shume urrejtje dhe percmim. "Per shume vite une mbeshteta pak a shume idene e shtetit te nje nje Serbine e Madhe. Ishte koha kur mesoja per Serbine nga brenda dhe shikoja cfare efektesh kishte ne Evrope ne pergjithesi. Skema e Serbise se Madhe mund te kete nje heqje dore perfundimisht e kundert. Mes shqiptareve ajo gjeti pamjen e jetetes qe ishte me ndjenjat e lirise dhe teresisht ndryshe nga nje mbrojtje nga familja ne Londer. Ndersa ajo gjeti humorin dhe perteritjen elastike, karakteristike e miqve shqiptare, nje shpirt ku ajo thithte luften e tyre per njohje nderkombetare me nje ceshtje ne rritje. Ajo perdori cdo rast te vlefshem te komunikonte (perconte) kulturen e larte shqiptare pr te gjithe perendimoret (angleze e te tjere), qe nuk dinin asgje.

    Pas botimit te librit te dyte "Refreni i Ballkanit" 1905, Edit Durham e vendosi shume shpejt vehten si autoritet te ceshtjes shqiptare. Duke pasur suskes ne sherbimin e perfunduara te udhetimeve permes terrenit te rrezikshem, pa perfillur pengesat e autoriteteve otomane dhe rriskimin e ndonje pengmarrje nga kusaret, ajo krijoi nje reputacion te permbledhur me nje fjali: njeriu qe e shikonte vdekjen me sy. Vendi (duke perfshire peizazhin spektakolar shqiptar i cili eshte sot i vetmi deshmitar) dhe nderimin e popullit te roberuar ne syte e nje turisteje dhe artiste, riveprimi i saj, ishte permbledhur ne komentin e saj etuziast: "Ketu eshte ngjyra, jeta dhe arti". Permes koklavitjeve ne rritje me token dhe njerezit, njohurite dhe perceptimin e ketyre gjerave te cilat i kujton ne nje Shqiperi te bashkuar zhvilloi dhe ne kete menyre miqesia per Shqiperine u be me e fokusuar. Ajo u be me vetedije te mprehte, qe destinonte si nje komb, ishte nje finale e vendosur.

    Ndersa 500 vjet regjimi Otoman e kishin kthyer gradualisht ne nje te lekundur, Shqiperia ishte bere nje "toke debati" e rrethuar nga "Fuqite e Medha" grabitqare (perfshi ketu edhe Angline). Pyetja simbolike e Editit kishte qene per aventuren ekzotike (Pershkuar ne librin e saj "Permes tokes se Serbeve" 1904"). Por gjate udhetimit te pare te zgjatur nga Jugu ne Veri te Shqiperisee ne 1904 asaj i beri pershtypje fakti qe "Pse shqiptaret realisht deshirojne pavaresine e te njihen nga Evropa". Te gjitha shtresat e popullsise nga te gjitha anet pershpjetuan te shpjegojne shpresen e tyre dhe frika per atdheun e tyre dhe per tu futur ne njohjen angleze ne kete ekzistence.

    Njerezit me pershendeten mua si nje shpetimtare... Une isha teresisht e papergatitur per kete dhe u frikesova. Gjate kesaj kohe Durham zbuloi nje ze legjitim per vete permes nje pasioni (por real) identifikimi me luften shqiptare per vendosmerine personale.

    Eventualisht ne 1908, ajo ishte joshur drejt "Malesise se Madhe", Malesia e Shqiperise se Veriut. Por atehere ajo kishte tashme tranformuar vehten ne nje etnografe dhe ishte vendosur ne berjen e studimeve serioze te fiseve shqiptare ne Malesi, per te shkruar librin e saj "Shqiperia e Eperme"(1909). E shoqeruar nga besniku i guides Marko Shantoja, sebashku ata u ngjiten me rrezikshmeri deri maje maleve duke udhetuar nge njeri fshat ne tjetrin, ku ata moren nderim madheshtor. Ne kthim Edit Durham mundi te zbavise malesoret me tregimet dhe perrallat e jetes angleze teresisht te huaja per ta, bashke historite per familjen e saj, zakonet dhe artet. Ajo shenoi historite dhe fotografoi nga afer cdo aspekt te jetes ne fshatrat malore e duke grumbuluar nje arkiv te pasur te traditave dhe zakoneve folklorike shqiptare. Duke mohuar variantet, shume vete besuan se ajo ishte "motra e mbretit te Anglise".

    Ajo e ktheu Shkodren, qytetin ne Veri te Shqiperise, bazen e saj nga koha kur shpertheu lufta ballkanike (kronologji ne librin e saj" Lufta per Shkodren", (1914). Nga ketu ajo grumbulloi fonde jashte Shiperise per ti shperndare te uriturve qe ishin me mijera ne male, te djegur dhe shkaterruar nga ushtria turke. Legjenda e Kralices Durham kishte lindur. Eksperienca e saj unike e malesoreve dhe e kultures se tyre ben te mundur ate te behej gruan e pare korrespodente per tre gazetat kryesore britanike. Njohurite e saj e ben ate qe ta kene zili edhe gazetaret qe raportonin nga zona e luftes, te cilet me pare ishin keshilluar me te.

    Pas jetes ne Shqiperi per nje periudhe te gjate, ajo u kthye ne Londer pas Luftes se Dyte Boterore. Ne 1918 ajo u be sekretarja e shoqates Angli-Shqipri themeluar nga Aubrey Herbert ne Londer dhe me te forcoi kete organizate per te drejtat e shqiptareve. Perpjekjet e saj me pas konsistonin qe Shqipeia te njihej nga Lidhja e Kombeve ne 1920. Kur, ajo u ftua te vizitonte Shqiperine me nje delegacion ne 1921, ajo ishte shume e mirepritur dhe kjo u shoqerua me dalje ne rruge per nder te kesaj figure. Por shendei i dobet nuk i dha mundesine per te shijuar dhuraten-fitore aq te enderruar. Megjithate atje ne Londer deri ne vdekjen e saj, ajo mbeshteti me zhurme interesat shqiptare. Ajo vazhdoi shoqerine e saj dhe ne vitet _30-te duke bere shume miq me shume shqiptare qe shkuan ne mergim ne Londer. Ne "E pretmja e zeze" 1939 pasi degjoi se forcat e Musolinit invaduan Shqiperine, 76 vjecarja ia brofi ne kembe dhe doli ne nje rruge te Londres duke mbajtur ne duar nje pankarte ku shkruhej: Larg duart nga Shqiperia"! Ajo vdiq ne nentor te vitit 1944 dy jave para se Hoxha te merrte pushtetin. Nje nekrologji e mbytur ne emocion shkruar nga nje udheheqes politikan shqiptar u shfaq ne "Daily Telegraph". "Me mendje te ndritur dhe gjeneroze, ajo kuptoi me shpejtesi shpirtin e shqiptareve. Pa frike dhe kompromis, ajo i tregoi botes dhe ligjeve te saj per ato qe kishte mesuar. Shqiptaret nuk e kane harruar dhe nuk do te harrojne kurre kete angleze. Ne malet e Shqiperise qe ajo i njohu shume mire, lajmi per vdekjen e saj do te jehoje maje me maje, lajmet e vdekjes se njeriut qe u dashurua ketu.
    "Babai i shtetit ėshtė Ismail "Qemali", e zbuloi Edvin shkencėtari!"

  2. #2
    Per ata qe nuk e kane lexuar ende librin e saj "High Albania".

    Rrefime interesante per njerez dhe krahina qe edhe vete shumica e shqiptareve te sotem nuk kane arritur ti shkelin e ti njohin.




    http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/durham/albania/albania.html

  3. #3
    Mirė se vini nė Harlan Maska e FreeByrd
    Anėtarėsuar
    05-02-2011
    Vendndodhja
    Tennessee
    Postime
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    Citim Postuar mė parė nga Albo Lexo Postimin
    Per Edit Durhamin duhet te jete thene se ka qene nje grua e veshtire. Ne shkrimin e pare per te qe ruhet ne arkivat e Ministrise se Jashtme Britanike thuhet: "Zonjusha Durham eshte e pakeshillueshme ne leter kembime". Rebecca West, R.W Seton-Watson, Henri Wickham Steed dhe shumica e shkrimtareve te tjere te rendesishem ne Evropen Lindore te kohes mes dy luftrave boterore, mendonin per te se ajo i ishte shmangur ketyre ceshtjeve. E cilesuar si avokate e shpirtit kombetar te shqiptareve, ndaj saj ishte shpifur nga kritiket angleze, te cilet ne pergjithesi i jepnin me shume favore ne ceshtjen e Jugosllavise se bashkuar. Polemikat e saj ne politiken ballkanike dhe ne kulturen regresive per te cilen ajo e quante "parazitet serbe", e bene ate bashkekohore. Shume mendime te saj jane quajtur te cuditshme dhe totalisht te marra. "Udhetimet dhe jeta mes klaneve ne Veri te Shqiperise,- thoshin ata,- kishin ndikuar ne gjykimin dhe vlera e sjelljes". "Fakti eshte qe ndersa gjithnje denonconte mentalitetin ballkanik", shkruan profesor Seton Watson ne 1929-"ajo shprehte gjithcka cfare mendonte per boten". Durham ishte sidoqofte, interpretja e domosdoshme e Shqiperise ne shekullin e 20-te dhe argumentuesja e shumices se shkrimtareve per kulturen e ketij vendi qe nga koha e udhetimeve te J.C.Hobhouse dhe Xhorxh Bajronit. E adhuruara e shqiptareve, Durhami u quajt "Krajlica e Malesoreve", ose ne anglisht "The Queen of Highlanders", "Mbreteresha e Malesoreve". "Ajo na dha ne zemren dhe ajo fitoi zemrat e malesoreve" ka shkruar mbreti ne ekzil i shqiptareve Ahmet Zogu ne gazeten "The Times" ne vdekjen e saj ne vitin 1944 (kur dihet qe ai nuk kishte marredhenie te mira me te). I vetmi anglez tjeter qe kishte qene shume i perzemert per shqiptaret ishte Norman Wisdom, te cilin diktatori komunist Enver Hoxha gjeti me buje per argetim. Durham punonte shume. "Shqiperia e Eperme" (1909) eshte vlere e grumbullimeve qe ajo ka bere. Ajo eshte akoma guida e shquar e zakoneve folklorike, social strukturore, ligjeve zakonore, besimeve fetare dhe perrallave tradicionale shqiptare, vecanerisht ne veri te lumit Shkumbin, ku organizimi social e fisnor dhe dialekti i dallueshem Geg, dallonte nga banoret e zonave te ulta dhe te Jugut. Per fat te keq, sot Durham eshte figure jo shume e ndricuar e njohur vetem per udhetimet dhe korrespodencat e saj. Vetem nje nga veprat e saj eshte botuar dhe qe atehere nuk ka asgje tjeter ne dispozicion. Letrat dhe fotografite e saj jane vendosur midis Muzeumit te Menkind dhe ne Institutin Antropologjik Mbreteror ne Londer. Koleksioni i saj pasur me bizhuteri dhe tekstile, mbahet nga Muzeu Pitt Rivers dhe ne Muzeumin Bankfield ne Halifaks, West Yorkshire, ku ne ekspozite jane vendosur permanente per jeten dhe punen e saj te instaluara ne vitin 1996. Dy ese ne koleksionin e shquar "Qingjat e zinj" dhe "Skifteri gri": "Udhetimet e grave te Ballkanit", tani jane duke u botuar nga botuesit John B.Allcock dhe Antonia Yang, e shoqeruar me nje parathenie te personalitetit kompleks dhe karrieres se Durhamit. Por, e pangjashmja Freya Stark dhe grate e tjera aventuriere ne Lindjen e Aferme, nuk kishte gjetur biografe. Fuqia e fames se Durhamit eshte e cuditshme. Bile sot toni i prere denoncimeve te tyre akoma te shokon. Pjeserisht ato jane nje reaksion ndaj personaliteteve te vena perballe saj. Aktualisht lidhur me Durham ka me shume pikepyetje se sa marrdhenie personale te intelektualeve britanike. Rruga qe ajo nuhaste njekohesisht dhe vecanerisht ndryshimet e stuhishme me Seton Watson, nxorren ne pah se si trazirat ne Ballkan mund te infektojne jeten personale te saj e cila i interpretonte ato gjeresisht rreth intelektualeve perendimore dhe pozicionit te tyre si te autorizuar te gatshem per te konkuruar ne interesat e vendit. Meri Edit Durham lindi ne vitin 1863 ne Hanover Square, Londer. Babai i saj Artur Eduard Durham ishte nje kirurg qe dallohej me shume per familjen te madhe me 8 femije, te gjithe me profesiona ete nderuara. Edit manifestoi ambicie arstistike dhe pas marrjes se mesimeve private ne Londer, ajo frekuentonte Akademine Mbreterore te Arteve. Ajo u be nj- mjeshtre ne ilustrime me boje uji dhe disa ekspoizita te shumta e moren ate per te realizuar ilustrimet e Historine Natyrale te Kembrixhit ne kapitullin zvarraniket dhe amfibet.

    Dhe femijeria e vonshme,-ne moshen 30 vjece akoma nuk ishte martuar-, Edit u kujdes per mamane e saj te semure pas vdekjes se babait. Pergjegjesia qe ajo ndjente u be nxitje per pengesat dhe problemet ne Ballkan. Ne moshen 37 vjecare Durham levizi nga Trieste per ne Cattaor te brigjeve te Dalmacise dhe sistemua ne Cetinje, kryeqyteti ekzotik i Malit te Zi. Udhetimi ishte parashikuar si qetesues, i rekomanduar nga doktoreet pas viteve te tera kujdesje per mamane e saj, por ne kete udhetim, ajo zbuloi mjeshterine e saj.

    Pas 20 viteve te tjera, ajo udhetonte sistematikisht ne Jug te Ballkanit duke pnuar ne organizata te ndryshme, duke fituar zemrat me pikturat qe ajo bente per fshatrat dhe koleksionet dhe artin folklorik. Ajo filloi gjithashtu te shkruante rregullisht gjate luftrave ballkanike dhe gjate Luftes se Pare Boterore duke u bere perkrahese e kauzes kombetare te shqiptareve ne shtypin periodik ne Britani, Gjermani dhe SHBA. Ne dy dekadat e tjera, ajo shkroi shtate libra per ceshtjet e Ballkanit, duke filluar me librin "Permes tokes serbe"(1904) per gjithe qendrimit ne Malin e Zi dhe Serbi, permes kapitujve "Orgjina e disa fiseve", "Ligjeve dhe zakoneve ne Ballkan"(1928), nje permbledhje e dobishme per doket dhe foklorin e zhdukur. Ajo gjithashtu u be nje bashkepunetore e rregullt e gazetes "Men" dhe korrespodencat e saj per folklorin ballkanik e shnderruan ate ne nje mik te Institutit Antropologjik Mbreteror.

    Durham e quante Ballkanin "toka e jetes se shkuar". Per te, keto krahina nuk lidheshin me alienet, por nje pasqyre mjaft e kendshmne, te cilen vizitoret perendimore mund te shikonin veten duke e krahasuar me stadin e zhvillimit. Ne librin "Shqiperia e Eperme" ajo shkroi se "Per folklorin ne kete kohe, ka gjithnje nevoje te studiohet". Perplasja me Perendimin ne idete e saj, e bene ate mjaft popullare teksa arriti deri te perkundte ne djep nje foshnje, duke e shoqeruar me fjalet: Kete qe bera une e bene disa mijera njerez vite me pare, ne kete menyre a mund te genjej ne pritje te armikut tim? Keshtu qe a mendova une dhe a veprova keshtu ne fillimet e mia ne gazeten "Time". Ballkani ishte per Durhamin nje pjese e Evropes, me moshen e Homerit. Ka nje rrezik profesional te studiosh vendet dhe popujt e tjere. Ne asnje nga udhetimet ne vende te largeta, menaxhimi i te mesuarit dhe dicka nga kultura lokale, mund te imunizje teresisht drejt trilleve romantike nga ekzistenca e kombeve si ndermjetese dhe interprete e botes se jashtme. Te tilla ishin marredheniet e Durhamit me shqiptaret. Ajo erdhi te shikonte mjerimin e tyre-nje komb qe aspiratat territoriale ishin larg vemendjes pas Luftes se Pare Boterore, ndersa bashkimi cilesohej nje fole grerezash ne Ballkan. Ajo kishte qene nje percuese e malesoreve shqiptare, sidoqe per nje grua nuk ishte e zakonshme te udhetonte be zona te thella malore, nocioni i nje femre te vetem sillte cudi per zakonet shqiptare: Tradita e shqiptareve "virgjeri e betuar" dhe se nese grate sulmoheshin, pergjegjesia ishte e burrave, duke e veshur me status, i lane te kuptohej se udhetimi ne kete vend ishte i pa trazuar. Por, ajo nuk degjoi shume prkrahes te percmimit te ceshtjes shqiptare. Ndersa Rebeka West shkroi "Qingjat e zinj" dhe "Skifteri gri" Durham ishte anetare e nje grupi udhetaresh ne Ballkan te cilet kur kthyen thane se njohen "nje popull Ballkanas me zemer, qe vuan por qe eshte i pafajshem, perjetesisht i masakruar dhe aspak masakrues". Por, me R.W Seton-Watson, profesor, editor, keshilltari i qeverise dhe nje nga perfaqesuesit e minoriteteve te Evropes Qendrore pati mendime te ndryshme. Korrespdenca Durham-Seton Watson (ajo ishte strehuar ne Seton Walson dhe merrej me studimet e Evropes Lindore ne shkollen sllave) eshte e rendesishme jo vetem per drite-hijet rreth dy shkrimtareve me te rendesishem qe kane shkruar per ceshtjen e Ballkanit ne shekulin e fundit, por gjithnje per faktin e ndryshimit te thelle te mentalitetit rreth natyres intelektuale dhe ankesat qe ata i benin asaj. Gjate Luftes se Pare Boterore, Seton Watson botoi ne gazeten "The New Europe", qe njihet si kampioni i empacimit te ceshtjeve te nacionaliteteve, keto shperthime nga Perandoria Habsburg. Gazeta e quajti fitore integrale, nje fitore qe njihte rregullat e kombeve dhe siguronte per paqen ne kontinent. Ketu u perfshine edhe bashkepunetoret, pervec Seton Watson si editor, Tomas Masaryk dhe historiani rumun Nikolae Jorga dhe shume shkrimtare te rendesishem ne ceshtjet nderkombetare perfshine edhe Durham. Ne mars te vitit 1920 Durham i shkroi duke iu ankuar Seton Watson rreth cfare ajo shikonte si proserbe ne "The New Evrope" dhe akuzonet botuesit per injorancen e paramenduar ndaj shqiptareve ne Malin e Zi dhe Kosove. "Une kam derguar informacion se pas vendosjes se armepushimit, serbet kishin djegur dhe shkaterruar fshatarat shqiptare, katolike dhe myslimane. Por, "The New Europe" une e di, qe kjo gazete do te ta cilesoje informacionin te genjeshtert. E verteta po fshihet, cfare cmendurie qe gjerat shkojne gabim"!

    Durham kishte shkruar me pare nje pjese "Bektashiu shqiptar", e cila ishte botuar, ishte shoqeruar nga nje note indinjate qe bordi i gazetes nuk e pa te nevojshme te ishte ne nje mendje me autoren, duke perfshire kundershtine ndaj saj per mosbashkimin e Kosoves ne mbreterine e sllaveve te Jugut. Seton Watson kerkoi falje ne nje shenim, duke menduar qe nuk ishte qellimi i bordit te fyente personalisht Durham, por thjesht te veconte editoret nga e mendimet personale ne artikullin e saj.

    Durham shume shpejt shkroi perseri. "Ai shkrim nuk ishte fyerje personale tha ajo, por nje ilustrim mjaft i madherishem te arrogances te pabesueshme te berjes se politikes ne Ballkan. Nga pjeset efektive te tokes shqiptare mes nje Shqiperie indipendente dhe krijimi i nje mbreterie foshnje te serbeve, kroateve dhe slloveneve, qe do te perbeje Jugosllavine, fuqite e Europes krijuan kushtet per nje Armeni te dyte. Shqiptaret, pa artileri, pa plane, do te jene ne meshiren e ushtrise serbe dhe kjo idiotesi do te kete reston ne "Konferencen e Paqes". "Tragjedia reale,- vazhdonte ajo,- nuk i shkonte per shtat ketyre politikave te cilat e quajne koklavitje te merreshin me Ballkanin. Perpjekjet e tyre per te aplikuar standartet europiane per kete toke-shkemb, ishte shkaterrim. Madje, kur marreveshja e paqes kishte dhene sinjalet e saj, ata ende nuk kishin garantuar trajtimin e minoriteteve qe me shume lidhnin me gjakun dhe fene. Por Edit shkruante: Keta njerez qe nuk kane jetuar asnje muaj ne Ballkan, perpilojne me shume hollesi artikuj per te drejtat e minoriteteve, te cilat nuk jane te verteta. Madje keta jane te pafuqishem ndaj zyrtareve te vegjel dhe vendeve xhadare. Durham argumentoi se nuk ishte zgjidhje idea se qe konvergjonte ne terheqjen e vijes kufitare duke perfshire nje popullsi te vogel nen protektoriatin e huaj. Sipas saj rreziku i perhapjes se dhunes permes forcave te terhequra do te jete i madh, ndersa gjysma e popullit te deshperuar me pak humbje do ta cilesoje ate si humbje beteje. Kjo do te sillte vetem kaos. Marrdheniet mes Durham dhe Seton Watson u tendosen tashme ne kohe ne Konferencen e Paqes ku u riafirmua ekzistenca e statusit te Shqiperise, por ku u lane shume toka shqiptare jashte kufijve. Pas disa viteve burimet e mosmarreveshjeve evoluan nga politika konkrete me shume ne debate personale ku komentet konsistonin ne ate qe kush ishte me i kualifikuar ne ceshtjet ballkanike, Durham paraqiti Seton Watson si nje zoteri te ri. Ai kishte ardhur nga Ballkani nga Veriu, permes interesave te slloveneve dhe kroateve ne Austro-Hungari dhe megjithate pak dinte te bente ndryshimet me rracen e Jugut. "Ju bete te paret njohje per te vleresuar sllavet e Austrise te cilet i kane borxh kulturen e tyre gjenerateve te kultures qytetare austriake" shkroi ajo per te ne Dhjetor te vitit 1924 "dhe ju nuk mberthyet, kapet, rrezikun e e subjektit per egersirat serbe te cilin ju nuk e njihni.

    Sa me shume kohe kalonte, Durham behej edhe me shume atiserbe. Ajo e denonte Mbreterine Serbe. Sipas saj, kroatet dhe sllovenet ishin me shume nje maskim per Serbine e Madhe. Mbreteria e sllaveve te rinj te Jugut ishte drejtuar nga ish-familja mbreterore serbe dhe ishin po ata qe udhehoqen politikat e luftes. "Pashic & Co",- i shkruante ajo Seton Watson ne mars te vitit 1925 duke iu referuar kryeministrit jugosllav Nikola Pashic,- nuk ka krijuar nje Jugosllavi por zbatoi qellimin e tyre orgjinal te ndertimit te Serbise se Madhe...Larg nga te qenit liberal duke vendosur rregullin e ashper se sa me pare. Fshatrat kishin qene rrafshuar nga barbairzamt, nje rekord i ofensives qe mund te shtyje minoritetet ne Jugosllavi drejt ushtrise se Rusise Bolshevike. "Politikat dhe politikanet e papelqyer per Serbine,- mendonte ajo,- kishin lindur per me shume urrejtje dhe percmim. "Per shume vite une mbeshteta pak a shume idene e shtetit te nje nje Serbine e Madhe. Ishte koha kur mesoja per Serbine nga brenda dhe shikoja cfare efektesh kishte ne Evrope ne pergjithesi. Skema e Serbise se Madhe mund te kete nje heqje dore perfundimisht e kundert. Mes shqiptareve ajo gjeti pamjen e jetetes qe ishte me ndjenjat e lirise dhe teresisht ndryshe nga nje mbrojtje nga familja ne Londer. Ndersa ajo gjeti humorin dhe perteritjen elastike, karakteristike e miqve shqiptare, nje shpirt ku ajo thithte luften e tyre per njohje nderkombetare me nje ceshtje ne rritje. Ajo perdori cdo rast te vlefshem te komunikonte (perconte) kulturen e larte shqiptare pr te gjithe perendimoret (angleze e te tjere), qe nuk dinin asgje.

    Pas botimit te librit te dyte "Refreni i Ballkanit" 1905, Edit Durham e vendosi shume shpejt vehten si autoritet te ceshtjes shqiptare. Duke pasur suskes ne sherbimin e perfunduara te udhetimeve permes terrenit te rrezikshem, pa perfillur pengesat e autoriteteve otomane dhe rriskimin e ndonje pengmarrje nga kusaret, ajo krijoi nje reputacion te permbledhur me nje fjali: njeriu qe e shikonte vdekjen me sy. Vendi (duke perfshire peizazhin spektakolar shqiptar i cili eshte sot i vetmi deshmitar) dhe nderimin e popullit te roberuar ne syte e nje turisteje dhe artiste, riveprimi i saj, ishte permbledhur ne komentin e saj etuziast: "Ketu eshte ngjyra, jeta dhe arti". Permes koklavitjeve ne rritje me token dhe njerezit, njohurite dhe perceptimin e ketyre gjerave te cilat i kujton ne nje Shqiperi te bashkuar zhvilloi dhe ne kete menyre miqesia per Shqiperine u be me e fokusuar. Ajo u be me vetedije te mprehte, qe destinonte si nje komb, ishte nje finale e vendosur.

    Ndersa 500 vjet regjimi Otoman e kishin kthyer gradualisht ne nje te lekundur, Shqiperia ishte bere nje "toke debati" e rrethuar nga "Fuqite e Medha" grabitqare (perfshi ketu edhe Angline). Pyetja simbolike e Editit kishte qene per aventuren ekzotike (Pershkuar ne librin e saj "Permes tokes se Serbeve" 1904"). Por gjate udhetimit te pare te zgjatur nga Jugu ne Veri te Shqiperisee ne 1904 asaj i beri pershtypje fakti qe "Pse shqiptaret realisht deshirojne pavaresine e te njihen nga Evropa". Te gjitha shtresat e popullsise nga te gjitha anet pershpjetuan te shpjegojne shpresen e tyre dhe frika per atdheun e tyre dhe per tu futur ne njohjen angleze ne kete ekzistence.

    Njerezit me pershendeten mua si nje shpetimtare... Une isha teresisht e papergatitur per kete dhe u frikesova. Gjate kesaj kohe Durham zbuloi nje ze legjitim per vete permes nje pasioni (por real) identifikimi me luften shqiptare per vendosmerine personale.

    Eventualisht ne 1908, ajo ishte joshur drejt "Malesise se Madhe", Malesia e Shqiperise se Veriut. Por atehere ajo kishte tashme tranformuar vehten ne nje etnografe dhe ishte vendosur ne berjen e studimeve serioze te fiseve shqiptare ne Malesi, per te shkruar librin e saj "Shqiperia e Eperme"(1909). E shoqeruar nga besniku i guides Marko Shantoja, sebashku ata u ngjiten me rrezikshmeri deri maje maleve duke udhetuar nge njeri fshat ne tjetrin, ku ata moren nderim madheshtor. Ne kthim Edit Durham mundi te zbavise malesoret me tregimet dhe perrallat e jetes angleze teresisht te huaja per ta, bashke historite per familjen e saj, zakonet dhe artet. Ajo shenoi historite dhe fotografoi nga afer cdo aspekt te jetes ne fshatrat malore e duke grumbuluar nje arkiv te pasur te traditave dhe zakoneve folklorike shqiptare. Duke mohuar variantet, shume vete besuan se ajo ishte "motra e mbretit te Anglise".

    Ajo e ktheu Shkodren, qytetin ne Veri te Shqiperise, bazen e saj nga koha kur shpertheu lufta ballkanike (kronologji ne librin e saj" Lufta per Shkodren", (1914). Nga ketu ajo grumbulloi fonde jashte Shiperise per ti shperndare te uriturve qe ishin me mijera ne male, te djegur dhe shkaterruar nga ushtria turke. Legjenda e Kralices Durham kishte lindur. Eksperienca e saj unike e malesoreve dhe e kultures se tyre ben te mundur ate te behej gruan e pare korrespodente per tre gazetat kryesore britanike. Njohurite e saj e ben ate qe ta kene zili edhe gazetaret qe raportonin nga zona e luftes, te cilet me pare ishin keshilluar me te.

    Pas jetes ne Shqiperi per nje periudhe te gjate, ajo u kthye ne Londer pas Luftes se Dyte Boterore. Ne 1918 ajo u be sekretarja e shoqates Angli-Shqipri themeluar nga Aubrey Herbert ne Londer dhe me te forcoi kete organizate per te drejtat e shqiptareve. Perpjekjet e saj me pas konsistonin qe Shqipeia te njihej nga Lidhja e Kombeve ne 1920. Kur, ajo u ftua te vizitonte Shqiperine me nje delegacion ne 1921, ajo ishte shume e mirepritur dhe kjo u shoqerua me dalje ne rruge per nder te kesaj figure. Por shendei i dobet nuk i dha mundesine per te shijuar dhuraten-fitore aq te enderruar. Megjithate atje ne Londer deri ne vdekjen e saj, ajo mbeshteti me zhurme interesat shqiptare. Ajo vazhdoi shoqerine e saj dhe ne vitet _30-te duke bere shume miq me shume shqiptare qe shkuan ne mergim ne Londer. Ne "E pretmja e zeze" 1939 pasi degjoi se forcat e Musolinit invaduan Shqiperine, 76 vjecarja ia brofi ne kembe dhe doli ne nje rruge te Londres duke mbajtur ne duar nje pankarte ku shkruhej: Larg duart nga Shqiperia"! Ajo vdiq ne nentor te vitit 1944 dy jave para se Hoxha te merrte pushtetin. Nje nekrologji e mbytur ne emocion shkruar nga nje udheheqes politikan shqiptar u shfaq ne "Daily Telegraph". "Me mendje te ndritur dhe gjeneroze, ajo kuptoi me shpejtesi shpirtin e shqiptareve. Pa frike dhe kompromis, ajo i tregoi botes dhe ligjeve te saj per ato qe kishte mesuar. Shqiptaret nuk e kane harruar dhe nuk do te harrojne kurre kete angleze. Ne malet e Shqiperise qe ajo i njohu shume mire, lajmi per vdekjen e saj do te jehoje maje me maje, lajmet e vdekjes se njeriut qe u dashurua ketu.
    Edith Durham. She so loved her Albanians.
    ______________________________________________

    Edith Durham. Ajo e deshi aq shqiptarėt e saj.
    We are the part of the Cosmos that discovered and understands its unfolding story

  4. #4
    Mirė se vini nė Harlan Maska e FreeByrd
    Anėtarėsuar
    05-02-2011
    Vendndodhja
    Tennessee
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    Article Excerpt / Neni Fragmentt

    An English Lady in High Albania: Edith Durham and the Balkans.

    by Gary W. Shanafelt

    After a long absence, the Balkans have returned to the headlines of our newspapers.(1) A century ago, events there also seized the headlines, often for the same reasons. The area was remote from the rest of Europe and filled with bloodshed. Much of it was still part of the Ottoman Empire, racked by terrorist atrocities as rival nationalities fought the Turks and each other for ultimate control. Bismarck, the German Chancellor, made no secret of what he thought of the place. In his famous words, it was not worth the bones of a Pomeranian grenadier. But since what happened there was a major factor in the European power rivalries that eventually led to World War I, the Balkans were worth a great deal to many other Europeans. A number of English and French liberals, in fact, made careers of studying the Balkans in order to aid people living there who, in their eyes, were heroically struggling to be free from outside oppression. The Scotsman Robert W. Seton-Watson was especially prominent in this regard, he did much to publicize the aspirations of the Slavs in Eastern Europe, especially the Serbs, and ended his career as a professor of history at the University of London.
    Perhaps the most remarkable of all these Balkan advocates, though, was an English woman named Mary Edith Durham. For her, the Balkans were more than just an academic interest, she spent the best years of her life there. Usually alone except for local guides, she traveled on foot or horseback to meet the common people, eating their food, staying in their lodgings, and often sharing their diseases. She ran relief shelters for refugees during the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913. In the course of her career, she assembled a considerable collection of Balkan artifacts: her own sketches, paintings and photographs, plus native garments and embroideries. She also became a fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute. She wrote seven books and numerous magazine articles about her experiences.
    Yet today Edith Durham is nearly forgotten. For as her career progressed, her involvement in Balkan politics tended to crowd out her other activities. Increasingly, she became a public advocate for the Albanians, one of the more obscure peoples of an area obscure enough already for most of her contemporaries. Albania in fact did not even appear on the map as a separate state until 1913. Moreover, most Albanians were Muslim rather than Christian. One of the appeals of the Balkan peoples to Western Europeans, from the time of Gladstone's "Bulgarian horrors" on, was that of fellow Christians rebelling against the Muslim Turks; Muslim Albanians simply failed to evoke the same levels of sympathy. That put Durham in an uphill battle from the outset, and the odds lengthened as her pro-Albanian sympathies moved her increasingly into an anti-Serb position.
    The Serbs had a number of things going for them in the eyes of most Englishmen. First, they were Christian, though of the Eastern Orthodox variety. More importantly, they were on the "right" side in the growing international rivalries before World War I, as England, France, and Russia came together in a series of agreements against the perceived threat of an expansionist Germany. Serbia had ongoing territorial disputes with Austria-Hungary, Germany's ally, and received backing in these from the Russians. Those disputes automatically ranged it on the side of England and Russia against the Germans. Later, during the war itself, "Heroic Serbia" resisting the Germans was almost as sacred a propaganda image as "Heroic Belgium." Unfortunately, Serb nationalism (like that of most Balkan peoples) involved considerably more than just liberating oppressed Serbs from foreign oppressors. The Serbs aspired someday to control not just ethnically Serb areas but a good deal of territory which by even the most favorable reckoning contained only small minorities of Serb inhabitants, but thousands of Bulgarophile Macedonians, Bosnian Muslims -- and Albanians. The more of this that Durham saw, the more she grew to hate both the Serbs and their Russian supporters and instead favored English friendship with Germany. None of this was calculated to win her accolades in London or Paris.

    __________________________________________________ _


    nga Gary W. Shanafelt

    Pas njė mungese tė gjatė, nė Ballkan janė kthyer nė titujt e gazetave tona. (1) Njė shekull mė parė, ngjarjet e ka konfiskuar edhe titujt, shpesh pėr arsye tė njėjta. Zona ishte e largėt nga pjesa tjetėr e Evropės dhe e mbushur me gjakderdhje. Pjesa mė e madhe e ajo ishte ende pjesė e Perandorisė Osmane, grumbulluar nga mizoritė terroriste si kombėsi rivale luftuan turqit dhe njėri-tjetrin pėr kontrollin e fundit. Bismarck, kancelarja gjermane, bėri asnjė sekret i asaj qė ai mendonte tė vendit. Nė fjalėt e tij tė famshėm, ai nuk ishte me vlerė eshtrat e njė grenadier pomeranez. Por, pasi qė ajo qė ndodhi atje ishte njė faktor i madh nė rivalitetet fuqi evropiane qė ēoi pėrfundimisht nė Luftėn e Parė Botėrore, nė Ballkan kanė qenė me vlerė njė marrėveshje tė madhe pėr evropianėt shumė tė tjera. Njė numėr i liberalėve anglisht dhe frėngjisht, nė fakt, ka bėrė karrierėn e studimit tė Ballkanit, nė mėnyrė pėr tė ndihmuar njerėzit qė jetojnė atje qė, nė sytė e tyre, duke luftuar heroikisht u tė jenė tė lirė nga shtypja jashtė. Robert W. Scotsman Seton-Watson ishte veēanėrisht e spikatur nė kėtė drejtim, ai bėri shumė pėr tė publikuar aspiratat e sllavėve nė Evropėn Lindore, veēanėrisht tė serbėve, dhe pėrfundoi karrierėn e tij si njė profesor i historisė nė Universitetin e Londrės.
    Ndoshta mė tė shquar tė tė gjitha kėtyre avokatėve tė Ballkanit, edhe pse, ka qenė njė grua angleze me emrin Mary Edith Durham. Pėr tė saj, nė Ballkan kanė qenė mė shumė se vetėm njė interes akademik, ajo kaloi vitet mė tė mira tė jetės sė saj atje. Zakonisht vetėm me pėrjashtim tė udhėzon nė rrugė lokale, ajo udhėtonte nė kėmbė ose mbi kalė pėr tė takuar njerėzit e thjeshtė, hahet ushqimi i tyre, duke qėndruar nė banesa e tyre, dhe shpesh pėr ndarjen e sėmundjeve tė tyre. Ajo u zhvillua strehimoret lehtėsim pėr refugjatėt gjatė Luftėrave Ballkanike tė viti 1912-1913. Nė rrjedhėn e karrierės sė saj, ajo mbledhur njė koleksion i konsiderueshėm i objekteve tė Ballkanit: vet e saj skica, piktura dhe fotografi, plus rrobave tė lindjes dhe embroideries. Ajo u bė gjithashtu njė anėtar i Institutit Antropologjik Mbretėror. Ajo shkroi shtatė libra dhe artikuj tė shumtė revistė pėr pėrvojat e saj.
    Megjithatė, sot Edith Durham gati ėshtė harruar. Sepse, ashtu si karrierėn e saj tė pėrparuar, pėrfshirjen e saj nė politikėn ballkanike prirur pėr tė zėnė vendin e aktiviteteve tė saj tė tjera. Gjithnjė e mė shumė, ajo u bė njė avokat publik pėr shqiptarėt, njė nga popujt mė tė panjohura tė njė zone tė errėt tė mjaftueshme tashmė pėr shumicėn nga bashkėkohėsit e saj. Shqipėria nė fakt nuk ka as tė shfaqet nė hartė si shtet tė veēantė deri nė 1913. Pėr mė tepėr, shumica e shqiptarėve janė myslimanė dhe jo tė krishterė. Njė nga ankesat e popujve tė Ballkanit Perėndimor pėr evropianėt, qė nga koha e "horrors bullgare" ēantė prej lėkure nė, ishte ajo e tė krishterėve tė tjerė rebelimin kundėr turqve myslimanė, shqiptarėt myslimane thjesht nuk arriti tė zgjojė tė njėjtat nivele tė simpati. Qė i dha Durham nė njė betejė tė vėshtirė qė nga fillimi, dhe shanset zgjatet si simpatitė e saj pro-shqiptare u zhvendos e saj gjithnjė e mė shumė nė njė pozicion anti-serbe.
    Serbėt e kishin njė numėr i gjėrave tė shkojnė pėr ta nė sytė e anglezėt mė. Sė pari, ata ishin tė krishterė, edhe pse tė ndryshme Ortodokse Lindore. Mė e rėndėsishmja, ata ishin nė anėn e "drejtė" nė rivalitetet nė rritje ndėrkombėtare para Luftės I Botėrore, si Anglia, Franca, Rusia dhe erdhi sė bashku nė njė seri marrėveshjesh kundėr kėrcėnimit tė perceptuar tė njė Gjermani ekspansioniste. Serbia kishte mosmarrėveshjet e vazhdueshme territoriale me Austro-Hungarinė, aleat i Gjermanisė, dhe mori mbėshtetjen nė kėto nga rusėt. Kėto mosmarrėveshje automatikisht shkonin atė nė anėn e Anglisė dhe Rusisė kundėr gjermanėve. Mė vonė, gjatė luftės nė vetvete, "Heroike Serbia" rezistonin gjermanėt ishte pothuajse si tė shenjtė njė imazh propagandistike si "Heroic Belgjikė." Pėr fat tė keq, nacionalizmit serb (si ajo e popujve mė tė Ballkanit), tė pėrfshirė nė mėnyrė tė konsiderueshme mė shumė se vetėm serbėt ēlirimin e shtypur nga tiranėt tė huaj. Serbėt e aspironte njė ditė pėr tė kontrolluar jo vetėm etnikisht zonat serbe, por njė marrėveshje tė mirė tė territorit qė nga llogaria edhe mė tė favorshme tė pėrmbante vetėm pakica e vogėl e banorėve serbė, por mijėra maqedonas Bulgarophile, muslimanėt e Bosnjes - dhe shqiptarėt. Mė shumė nga ky qė Durham panė, mė shumė ajo u rrit pėr tė urrejnė tė dy serbė dhe mbėshtetėsit e tyre rusė dhe nė vend tė favorizuar miqėsi anglisht me Gjermaninė. Asnjė nga kėto nuk ėshtė llogaritur pėr tė fituar accolades e saj nė Londėr apo Paris.
    We are the part of the Cosmos that discovered and understands its unfolding story

  5. #5
    Mirė se vini nė Harlan Maska e FreeByrd
    Anėtarėsuar
    05-02-2011
    Vendndodhja
    Tennessee
    Postime
    1,023
    The story of Edith Durham has sadly faded over the years. Her keen razor sharp observations and analysis of the Balkans and in particular a forgotten people, the Albanians, are relevant today. If I can communicate her life and writings to any of you I'll consider my journey to this Forum a success.

    I've played and joked a lot in the Introduction Forum. I've had a lot of fun interacting with the Albanians but this is one time I want to be serious. I ask you to read and learn about this remarkable woman.

    __FreeByrd

    _______________________________________________


    Historia e Edith Durham ka shuar fatkeqėsisht gjatė viteve. Vėzhgimin e saj tė Ballkanit ishte shumė i qartė dhe konciz. Pėrfundimisht analiza e saj tė rajonit dhe tė popujve janė tė dokumentuara nė revista e saj sidomos marrėdhėniet e saj me njė popull i harruar, shqiptarėt, qė janė relevante sot. Nėse unė mund tė komunikojnė jetėn e saj dhe shkrimet e pėr tė ndonjė nga ju unė do tė konsiderojnė udhėtimin tim nė kėtė Forum njė sukse

    Unė kam luajtur dhe shaka shumė nė Forum Hyrje. Unė kam pasur njė shumė tė bashkėveprojmė fun me shqiptarėt, por kjo ėshtė njė kohė qė unė dua tė jem serioz. Unė ju pyes pėr tė lexuar dhe mėsuar nė lidhje me kėtė grua tė shqua

    __FreeByrd



    Edith Durham
    (1863-1944)
    "Queen of the Highlanders"

    Edith Durham, it should be said, was a difficult woman. The first entry for her in the British Foreign Office files, from 1908, reads "Durham, Miss M. E., Inadvisability of Corresponding With".

    Rebecca West, R. W, Seton-Watson, Henry Wickham Steed, and most other important writers on East European affairs between the two world wars thought her a woman to be avoided. An advocate of the national aspirations of the Albanians, she was vilified by her critics in Britain, who generally looked more favourably on the cause of Yugoslav unity than she did. Her polemics on Balkan politics and the retrograde culture of what she called the "Serb vermin" alienated her contemporaries.

    Many thought her at best wildly eccentric and at worst completely mad. Travelling and living among the clansmen of upland Albania, they said, had taken its toll on her judgment and sense of decorum. "The fact is that while always denouncing Balkan mentality", wrote Professor Seton-Watson in 1929, "she is herself exactly what she means by the word."

    Durham was, however, the twentieth century's indispensable interpreter of Albania, and arguably the most important writer on that culture since J. C. Hobhouse journeyed through the Albanian lands with Byron. She was adored among the Albanians themselves, who knew her as "Kralica e Malƫsorevet" - the Queen of the Highlanders. "She gave us her heart and she won the ear of our mountaineers", the exiled Albanian king, Zog, wrote to The Times on her death in 1944 (even though she was not on good terms with him, either). The only other Briton to have been so lionised was, improbably, Norman Wisdom, whom the Communist dictator Enver Hoxha found uproariously entertaining.

    Durham′s most famous work. High Albania (1909), is valued by collectors. It is still the pre-eminent guide to the folk customs, social structure, customary law, religious beliefs and traditional tales of the Albanians, especially in the highlands north of the Shkumbin river, where tribal social organization and the distinctive Gheg dialect once set off the region's inhabitants from the lowlanders to the south.

    Today, Durham is a figure sadly overshadowed by more widely known travellers and correspondents. Only one of her works is still in print and, even then, not easily available. Her papers and photographs are divided between the Museum of Mankind and the Royal Anthropological Institute in London. Her rich collections of Balkan jewellery and textiles are kept at the Pitt Rivers Museum in Oxford and the Bankfield Museum in Halifax, West Yorkshire, where a permanent exhibition on her life and work was installed in 1996. Two essays in the outstanding collection Black Lambs and Grey Falcons: Balkan women travellers, now out in a revised edition edited by John B. Allcock and Antonia Young, provide introductions to Durham's complex personality and career. But unlike Freya Stark and other women adventurers in the Near East, she has not yet found her biographer.

    The vehemence of Durham′s well-placed detractors is remarkable. Even today, the cutting tone of their denunciations still shocks. In part, it was a reaction to Durham's own confrontational personality. Yet there is more to the Durham question than her personal relationship with other British intellectuals. The way she was perceived by her contemporaries - and especially her stormy exchanges with Seton-Watson - reveals something about how turmoil in the Balkans can infect the personal lives of those who interpret it and, more broadly, about Western intellectuals and their position as willing proxies for competing interests abroad.

    Mary Edith Durham was born in 1863 in Hanover Square, London. Her father, Arthur Edward Durham, was a distinguished surgeon who sired a large Victorian family of eight children, all of whom went on to excel in respectable professions. Edith manifested artistic ambitions and, after being educated privately in London, attended the Royal Academy of Arts. She became an accomplished illustrator and watercolourist, exhibiting widely and contributing detailed drawings to the amphibia and reptiles volume of the Cambridge Natural History.

    As the eldest child - and still unmarried in her thirties - Edith took on the task of caring for her ailing mother after her father's death. Filial responsibility turned out to be the unlikely impetus for her Balkan entanglements. At thirty-seven, Durham sailed from Trieste down the Dalmatian coast to Cattaro and trekked overland to Ƈetinje, the capital of the exotic principality of Montenegro. The trip was intended as a palliative, recommended by her doctor after years caring for her mother, but on this journey, she found her vocation.


    Over the next twenty years, she travelled frequently in the south Balkans. working in various relief organizations, capturing scenes of village life in water-colour, and collecting folklore and folk art. She also began to write frequently, and during the Balkan wars and the First World War, became a fervent promoter of the Albanian national cause in periodicals in Britain, Germany and the United Slates. Over the next two decades, she wrote seven books on Balkan affairs, beginning with
    Through the Lands of the Serb"
    (1904), a beautifully evocative if wide-eyed account of her first several trips to Montenegro and Serbia, through to Some Tribal Origins, Laws and Customs of the Balkans (1928), a useful compendium of now extinct folk beliefs and rituals. She also became a frequent contributor to the journal Man, and her dispatches and learned articles on Balkan folklore earned her a place as Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute.



    Durham called the Balkans "the land of the living past". For her, the region was not an alien, Oriental domain but rather a kind of mirror in which Western visitors might see themselves at a much earlier stage of development. As she wrote in High Albania, "For folk in such lands time has almost stood still. The wanderer from the West stands awestruck amongst them, filled with vague memories of the cradle of his race, saying, "This did I do some thousands of years ago; thus did I lie in wait for mine enemy; so thought I and so acted I in the beginning of Time." As for previous generations who journeyed south and east, the Balkans were for Durham a kind of proto-Europe, glimpse into the heroic age of Homer.

    There is a professional hazard to studying other countries and peoples. No one who travels to faraway lands, managing to learn the language and something of the local culture, can be completely immune to the romantic thrill of being seen by the natives as their intercessor and interpreter to the outside world. Such was Durham′s relationship to the Albanians. She came to see their plight - a nation whose territorial aspirations went largely unheeded after the First World War - as unique among the nested grievances in the Balkans. She had been well received in the Albanian uplands, and although it was unusual for a woman to travel to the remoter mountain districts, the notion of a lone female wanderer actually fitted with Albanian custom: the tradition of Albanian "Sworn Virgins" - women who assumed the responsibilities of manhood and wore men's clothes and held a protected status in tribal society - meant that Durham travelled unmolested.

    But her energetic promotion of the Albanians did not earn her many admirers in Britain. As Rebecca West wrote cattily in Black Lamb and Grey Falcon, Durham was a member of that class of Balkan travellers who come back "with a pet Balkan people established in their hearts as suffering and innocent, eternally the massacree and never the massacrer".

    Some of her stormiest exchanges took place with R. W. Seton-Watson, professor, editor, government adviser, and himself a kind of spokesman for Central Europe's national minorities. The Durham/Seton-Watson correspondence (housed in the Seton-Walson papers at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies in London) is important not merely for the light it sheds on two of the most important writers on Balkan affairs of the last century, but also for the fact that the exchanges reveal something deeper about the nature of intellectuals and the vicarious grievances they make their own.


    During the First World War, Seton-Watson established the journal The New Europe to champion the emancipation of Europe′s subject nationalities, especially those erupting from the Habsburg empire. The journal called for "la victoire integrale", a victory that would recognize national rights and thus secure a permanent peace for the Continent. Collaborators included, besides Seton-Watson as editor, Tomas Masaryk, the Romanian historian Nicolae Iorga, and many other important writers on international affairs, including Durham.

    In March 1920, Durham wrote to Seton-Watson complaining about what she saw as a pro-Serb bias in The New Europe and accusing the editors of wilfully ignoring the Albanians of Montenegro and Kosova:

    "I have recent information that ever since the armistice the Serbs have burnt and pillaged Albanian villages, Catholic as well as Moslem. But New Europe, I know, would deny any such charge and imply the informant was a liar. If the truth is thus concealed, what wonder that things go wrong?"

    Durham had earlier written a piece on Albanian Bektashi Sufism which, when printed, was accompanied by a note indicating that the editorial board did not necessarily agree with the author's points, including her opposition to the incorporation of Kosovo in the new South Slav kingdom. Seton-Watson apologized in a return note, mentioning that it was not the board's intent to insult Durham personally, but merely to dissociate the editors from the personal views expressed in her article. Durham quickly wrote back. It was not an issue of personal insult, she said, but rather a superb illustration of the incredible arrogance of Western policy-makers in the Balkans. By effectively partitioning the Albanian lands between an independent Albania and the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes - eventually to become Yugoslavia - the European powers were creating the conditions for "a second Armenia". The Albanians, with no artillery and no planes, would be at the mercy of the Serbian army, "and the guilt will rest on the Peace Conference". The real tragedy, she continued, was the inability of those making policy to comprehend the depth of feeling and intricacies of everyday life in the Balkans. Their attempts to apply European standards of decency to a land rocked by war and poverty were doomed. Even when peace agreements were signed, there was no guarantee that petty officials would not continue to treat minorities as if they were, by virtue of their blood or religion, still enemies of the State:

    "These men who have never lived months in the Balkans draw up elaborate clauses about religious rights and minorities which cannot possibly work .... Even though certain of the intelligentsia in all the countries have excellent intentions they are quite powerless to restrain small officials and gendarmes up country."

    Durham argued that the solution was quite simply to draw the boundary lines so as to include as few people as possible under foreign rule. Otherwise, the threat of violence spreading across newly drawn frontiers was extremely high, as "half desperate people with little to lose will be ready to rush into a struggle on the off chance of getting something". Violence could sometimes turn out to be the most rational response to local oppression and the ill-conceived plans of foreign peacemakers, not simply a chaotic bloodletting.

    Relations between Durham and Seton-Watson were strained already at the time of the Peace Conference, which reaffirmed the existence of an Albanian state but left much of the Albanian nation outside its borders. Over the years, the source of their disagreements evolved from matters of policy to more personal disputes over who was more qualified to comment on Balkan affairs, Durham viewed Seton-Watson as a pointy-headed parvenu. He had come to the Balkans from the north, through his interest in Slovenes and Croats in Austria-Hungary, and therefore had little to say about the very different races to the south. "You I take it made the acquaintance first of the pick of the Austrian Slavs who owed their culture to generations of Austrian civilisation", she wrote to him in December 1924, "and you did not grasp the danger of subjecting them to the Serb savage, whom you did not know."

    Durham became even more anti-Serb as time passed. She was convinced that the Kingdom of Serbs. Croats and Slovenes was no more than a mask for Greater Serbia. The new South Slav kingdom was headed by the former Serbian royal house and guided largely by pre-war Serbian politicians. "Pashitsch & Co.", she wrote to Seton-Watson in March 1925, referring to the Yugoslav prime minister, Nikola PaŔic', "have not created a Jugoslavia but have carried out their original aim of making Great Serbia .... Far from being liberated the bulk of people live under a far harsher rule than before." Villages had been razed and atrocities committed, a record of offences that might well push the minorities in Yugoslavia into the arms of Bolshevik Russia. Her dislike of Serbian politics and politicians, though, was born more of disaffection than visceral disdain.

    "For many years I supported more or less the idea [of a Greater Serbian state]. It was when I learnt the Serb from the inside and saw what a retrograde effect on Europe in general the Great Serb scheme might have that I gave it up and finally opposed it."

    Amongst Albanians she found view of life that was emotionally liberating and entirely different from that of her stifling London household. While she found her Albanian friends&prim' characteristic humour and resilience an inspiration, she also observed their struggle for international recognition with increasing concern. She used every available opportunity to communicate her fine appreciation of Albanian culture to all those other Westerners (English and otherwise) who "didn't know anything!"

    After the publication of her second book "The Burden of the Balkans" (1905) Edith Durham quickly establshed herself as an authority on Albanian matters. Having successfully accomplished several extended journeys across dangerous terrain, in defiance of restrictions imposed by the Ottoman authorities, and risking kidnap by brigands, she had earned a reputation as one "who could look death in the eyes". The country (including the spectacularly Albanian beautiful landscapes which remain just as remarkable today) and the dignity of its people had captivated her as a tourist and artist, her reactions were summarised by her rapturous comment "Here is Colour, Life and Art!" Through her growing involvement with the land and its people her knowledge and perception of those things which she came to regard as uniquely "Albanian" evolved, and thus her campaiging for Albania became more focused. She had become acutely aware that its destiny as a nation was an issue that had to be resolved.

    While the 500 year old Ottoman regime was gradually tottering towards its grave, Albania had become a "debateable land" encircled by the predatory Great Powers (which included Britain). Edith's initial quest had been for exotic adventure (described in her book "Through the Lands of the Serb" 1904). But during her first extended journey from the South to the North of Albania in 1904 she became impressed by the fact that "what Albania really wants is independence, recognised by Europe....People of all classes throughout the land hastened to explain their hopes and fears for their fatherland, and to pray for English recognition of its existence... People hailed me as a saviour ...I was quite unprepared for this and it appalled me". Around this time Edith Durham discovered a legitimate "voice" for herself through a passionate (but realistic) identification with Albania's struggle for self-determination.


    Eventually in 1908 she was lured towards the "Malesia e Madhe", the North Albanian mountains. By then she had already transformed herself into an ethnographer and was intent on making a serious study of the Albanian mountain tribes, described in her book "High Albania" (1909). Accompanied by her loyal Albanian guide Marko Shantoya, together they scaled perilous mountain peaks and passes, travelling from one village to the next, where they received magnificent hospitality. In return Edith would amuse the "highlanders" with her tales of an English life quite foreign to them, and sketch their houses, costumes and artefacts. She noted, sketched, and photographed nearly every aspect of life in the mountain villages, thereby amassing a rich archive of Albanian folk custom and tradition. In spite of her strenuous denials many believed she was "the sister of the King of England".

    She had made the North Albanian town of Shkodƫr (Shkodra, Scutari) her base by the time the Balkan Wars broke out in 1912-13 (chronicled in her book "The Struggle for Scutari" 1914). From here she raised funds from abroad to distribute famine relief to thousands of desperate mountain tribespeople who had been burnt-out by the retreating Turkish army. The legend of Kraltise Durami was born. Her unique experience of the Highland people and their culture enabled her to become the first woman war-correspondent for three leading British newpapers; her inside knowledge made her the envy of the other journalists who flocked to the war zone, since they had to seek her advice.

    After living in Albania for long periods of time she was forced to return to London by the outbreak of the First World War. In 1918 she became secretary of the Anglo-Albanian Society founded by Aubrey Herbert in London and with him she vigorously campaigned on behaf of Albania′s rights. It was largely due to her unswerving committment that Albania became recognised by the League of Nations in 1920. When she was invited to visit Albania with a delegation in 1921, she was so overwhelmed by the street processions and banquets held in her honour that she fled in despair, realising that her failing health would not allow her to live up to the glorious accolades that were showered upon her. But in London, right up until her death she vociferously supported Albania's interests.

    She continued her campaign throughout the 1930s and befriended many Albanians driven into exile in London. On "Black Friday" (Good Friday 1939) after hearing that Mussolini′s forces had invaded Albania, the outraged 76 year old Edith Durham paraded the London streets wearing a placard with the slogan "Hands off Albania!" She died in November 1944, two weeks before Enver Hoxha took power. An obituary containing an emotional tribute written by a leading Albanian politician appeared in the Daily Telegraph:
    "Open-minded and generous as she was, she speedily understood Albania′s soul ... Fearlessly and without compromise she told the world and its rulers what she had learned... Albanians have never forgotten, and never will forget this Englishwoman. In the Albanian mountains she knew so well, the news of her death will echo from peak to peak, the news of the death of one who was loved there".

    Among the reports that are not included, one should mention especially those written by Mary Edith Durham.6 An anthropologist, a painter, historian and journalist, Mary Edith Durham also worked for the Macedonia Relief Organization.' She spent many years in the Balkans and lived among Albanians as well as among Serbo-Montenegrins. When she first arrived in the Balkans in 1900, she was well disposed toward the Serbs, as were many other people in the west, but she eventually denounced Serbia in all of her writings. As Aubrey Herbert, M.P., remarked, "It was only the cruelty of the Serbs that turned her affection into dislike." A passage contained in her Twenty Years of Balkan Tangle (London, 1920) indicates to what extent she was repulsed by the atrocities committed by the Serbo-Montenegrins: "On arriving in London," she wrote, "I packed up the Golden Medal given me by King Nikola and returned it to him stating that I had often expressed surprise as persons who accepted decorations from Abdul Hamid, and that now I knew that he and his subjects were even more cruel than the Turk, I would not keep his blood-stained medal any longer. I communicated this to the English and Austrian press. The Order of Saint Sava given to me by King Petar of Serbia I decided to keep a little longer ′till some peculiar flagrant case′."

    In fact, the Serbo-Montenegrins, once freed from the Turkish yoke, tried to impose upon other nations, be they Catholics or Moslems, a yoke which was much heavier than that of the Turks. "No Turk," wrote Miss Durham in that same book, "ever treated the Armenians worse than did the two Serb peoples treat the Albanians in the name of the Orthodox Church".

    _______________________________________________


    Edith Durham
    (1863-1944)
    "Mbretėresha e malėsorėt"

    Edith Durham, ajo duhet tė thuhet, ishte njė grua e vėshtirė. Hyrjen e parė pėr tė nė fotografi Jashtme Britanike, nga 1908, shkruan "Inadvisability Durham, Miss ME, i ngjashem me".

    Rebecca West, R. W, Seton-Watson, Henry Wickham kalė, dhe shumica e shkrimtarėve tė tjera tė rėndėsishme mbi ēėshtjet e Evropės Juglindore nė mes tė dy luftėrave botėrore menduar e saj njė grua qė tė shmanget. Njė avokat i aspiratave kombėtare tė shqiptarėve, ajo u vilified nga kritikėt e saj nė Britani, tė cilėt pėrgjithėsisht shikohen mė tė favorshme nė rrugėn e bashkimit jugosllav se ajo e bėri. Polemikat e saj nė politikėn ballkanike dhe e kulturės reaksionar e asaj qė ajo e quajti "parazitė serbe" tjetėrsuar bashkėkohėsit e saj.

    Shumė mendonin e saj nė tė mirė wildly ēuditshėm dhe nė tė keqe krejtėsisht tė ēmendur. Udhėtimi dhe jetojnė nė mesin e clansmen e Shqipėrisė malore, thanė ata, kishin lėnė gjurmėn e saj nė gjykimin e saj dhe ndjenjėn e etiketė. "Fakti ėshtė se, ndėrsa gjithmonė duke denoncuar tė Ballkanit mentaliteti", shkruan profesor Seton-Watson nė 1929, "ajo ėshtė vetė pikėrisht ajo qė ajo do tė thotė nga fjala."

    Durham ishte, megjithatė, pėrkthyes e domosdoshme tė shekullit tė njėzetė tė Shqipėrisė, dhe ndoshta shkrimtari mė i rėndėsishėm nė atė kulturė qė nga JC Hobhouse udhėtuan nėpėr tokat shqiptare me Byron. Ajo ishte Adored ndėr vetė shqiptarėt, tė cilėt e njihnin atė si "Kralica e sorevet Mala« "- Mbretėresha e malėsorėt. "Ajo na dha zemrėn e saj dhe ajo fitoi veshin e malėsorėve tanė", mbreti nė ekzil shqiptar, Zogut, shkruante nė "The Times" pėr vdekjen e saj nė 1944 (edhe pse ajo nuk ishte nė marrėdhėnie tė mira me tė, as). Anglez tjetėr i vetėm qė tė ketė qenė lionised kaq ishte, e pabesueshme, Norman Wisdom, tė cilin komunist diktatorit Enver Hoxha gjeti uproariously zbavitėse.

    Durhamā € ² s punė mė tė famshme. High Albania (1909), ėshtė vlerėsuar nga mbledhėsit. Ajo ėshtė ende udhėzues tė spikatur nė zakonet popullore, strukturėn sociale, tė drejtėn zakonore, besimeve fetare dhe tregime tradicionale tė shqiptarėve, sidomos nė malėsitė nė veri tė lumit Shkumbin, ku organizimi fisnor sociale dhe dialektin gege dalluese tė vendosur njė herė jashtė banorėt e rajonit nga lowlanders nė jug.

    Sot, Durham ėshtė njė figurė nė hije trishtim nga udhėtarėt mė gjerėsisht i njohur dhe korrespondentėt. Vetėm njė nga veprat e saj ėshtė ende nė shtyp dhe, edhe atėherė, jo lehtėsisht nė dispozicion. letrat e saj dhe fotografi janė tė ndarė nė mes tė Muzeu i Njerėzimit dhe Antropologjik Royal Institute nė Londėr. koleksionet e saj tė pasur e stoli tė Ballkanit dhe tekstile janė mbajtur nė Pitt Rivers Museum nė Oksford dhe Muzeu Bankfield nė Halifax, West Yorkshire, ku njė ekspozitė tė pėrhershme nė jetėn e saj dhe puna ishte instaluar nė vitin 1996. Dy ese ne mbledhjen e shquar Lambs Zi dhe Grey Falcons: gratė e Ballkanit udhėtarėt, tani nė njė botim tė rishikuar edited by John B. Allcock dhe Antonia Young, japin Paraqitjet nė personalitetin kompleks Durhamit dhe karrierės. Por ndryshe nga Freya Stark dhe gratė e tjera aventurierė nė biografi Lindjen e Afėrt, ajo nuk ka gjetur ende tė saj.

    Furi e Durhamā € ² s detractors i vendosur ėshtė shquar. Edhe sot, toni prerja e denoncimeve tė tyre ende goditjeve. Nė pjesė, ajo ishte njė reagim pėr vet personalitetin e konfrontuese Durhamit. Ende nuk ėshtė mė nė pyetje Durham se marrėdhėniet e saj personale me intelektualė tė tjerė britanik. Mėnyrėn se si ajo ishte e perceptuar nga bashkėkohėsit e saj - dhe veēanėrisht shkėmbimet e saj tė stuhishme me Seton-Watson - tregon diēka rreth asaj se si trazirat ne Ballkan mund ta infektojė jetėn personale e atyre qė interpretojnė atė dhe, mė gjerėsisht, pėr intelektualėt perėndimor dhe pozicionin e tyre si tė gatshėm proxies pėr interesat konkurruese jashtė vendit.

    Mary Edith Durham ka lindur nė 1863 nė Hanover Square, London. Babai i saj, Arthur Eduard Durham ishte njė kirurg i shquar i cili sired njė familje tė madhe Viktoriane e tetė fėmijė, tė gjithė tė cilėt shkuan pėr tė shkėlqejnė nė profesione tė respektueshėm. Edith shfaqur ambicie artistike dhe, pasi u shkolluar privatisht nė Londėr, mori pjesė nė Akademinė Mbretėrore tė Arteve. Ajo u bė njė illustrator realizohet dhe watercolourist, ekspozuar gjerėsisht dhe kontribuar vizatime tė detajuara tė amfib dhe zvarraniket vėllimi i Historisė Natyrore Kembrixh.

    Si fėmija mė i madh - dhe tė pamartuar ende nė tė tridhjetat e saj - Edith mori detyrėn tė kujdesej pėr nėnėn e saj tė sėmurė pas vdekjes sė babait tė saj. pėrgjegjėsi filial doli tė jetė shtysė gjasa pėr pengesat e saj tė Ballkanit. Nė tridhjetė e shtatė, Durham lundroi nga Trieste deri nė bregun dalmat tė Dubrovnikun dhe trekked me rrugė tokėsore pėr Ć ‡ etinje, kryeqytetin e principatės ekzotike tė Malit tė Zi. Ky udhėtim ishte menduar si njė lehtėsues, tė rekomanduara nga mjeku i saj pas viteve kujdesur pėr nėnėn e saj, por nė kėtė udhėtim, ajo gjeti vokacionin e saj.


    Gjatė njėzet viteve tė ardhshme, ajo ka udhėtuar shpesh nė Ballkan jug. qė punojnė nė organizata humanitare tė ndryshme, kapjen e skenave tė jetės sė fshatit nė ngjyra tė ujit, dhe mbledhjen e folklorit dhe tė artit popullore. Ajo po ashtu filloi tė shkruaj shpesh, dhe gjatė luftėrave ballkanike dhe Luftės sė Parė Botėrore, u bė njė promotor tė flaktė tė ēėshtjes shqiptare kombėtare nė revista nė Britani, Gjermani dhe nė listat e Bashkuara tė Amerikės. Gjatė dy dekadave tė ardhshme, ajo shkroi shtate libra mbi ēėshtjet e Ballkanit, duke filluar me Pėrmes tokave tė serbėve (1904), njė bukur evocative nėse llogaria sy tė gjerė tė saj tė parė disa udhėtime nė Mal tė Zi dhe Serbisė, pėrmes tė disa Origjina Tribal, Ligjet dhe doganore tė Ballkanit (1928), njė pėrmbledhje tė dobishme tė besimeve popullore tani i zhdukur dhe ritualeve. Ajo u bė gjithashtu njė kontribues i shpeshtė pėr Man ditar, dhe njoftimet e saj dhe artikuj tė mėsuar nė folklorin ballkanik fituar e saj njė vend si anėtar i Institutit Antropologjik Mbretėror.



    Durham e quajti Ballkan "tokėn e sė kaluarės qė jetojnė". Pėr tė saj, nė rajon nuk ishte njė i huaj, Oriental domain por mė tepėr njė lloj pasqyre, nė tė cilin vizitorėt Perėndimor mund tė shohin veten nė njė fazė shumė mė herėt tė zhvillimit. Si ajo shkroi nė High Albania, "Pėr popullore nė kohė tė tilla tokat e ka pothuajse u ndal. Vagabond nga Perėndimi qėndron awestruck nė mesin e tyre, i mbushur me kujtimet e paqartė e djepin e racės sė tij, duke thėnė:" Kjo ka tė bėj disa mijėra vjet mė parė, pra nuk kam tė rrinė nė pritė pėr Armiku im;. kėshtu qė mendova se dhe kėshtu ka vepruar unė nė fillim tė Time "Sa pėr brezat e mėparshėm tė cilėt udhėtuan nė jug dhe nė lindje, nė Ballkan kanė qenė pėr Durham nje lloj proto-Europe, paraqitje e shkurtėr nė moshėn heroike tė Homerit.

    Ka nje rrezik profesional pėr tė studiuar vende tė tjera dhe popujve. Askush nuk i cili udhėton pėr nė tokat e largėt, i cili udhėheq pėr tė mėsuar gjuhėn dhe diēka e kulturės lokale, mund tė jetė krejtėsisht imune ndaj njė tronditje romantike e po shihet nga vendasit si ndėrmjetėsues tė tyre dhe pėrkthyes nė botėn e jashtme. I tillė ishte Durhamā € ² s marrėdhėnie tė shqiptarėve. Ajo erdhi pėr tė parė gjendjen e tyre - njė komb tė cilit aspiratat territoriale kaloi pa u dėgjuar kryesisht pas Luftės sė Parė Botėrore - si unike nė mesin e ankesave tė mbivendosur nė Ballkan. Ajo kishte qenė e pranuar edhe nė uplands shqiptare, dhe edhe pse ajo ishte e pazakontė pėr njė grua tė udhėtojė pėr nė rrethet e thella malore, nocioni i njė endacak dhe njė femėr nė tė vėrtetė vetėm tė pajisur me porosi shqiptare: Tradita e Shqipėrisė "virgjėreshave tė betuara" - femrat tė cilat marrė pėrgjegjėsitė e burrėri dhe veshur rrobat e burrave dhe mbajti njė status tė mbrojtur nė shoqėrinė fisnore - do tė thotė se Durham udhėtoi unmolested.

    Por promovimi i saj energjik tė shqiptarėve nuk e ka fituar admirues tė saj shumė nė Britani. Si Rebecca West shkroi cattily nė tė zeza mish qengji dhe Grey Falcon, Durham ishte anėtar i asaj klase tė udhėtarėve tė Ballkanit qė vijnė prapa ", me njė popull kafshė tė Ballkanit themeluar nė zemrat e tyre, si vuajtje dhe tė pafajshėm, pėrjetėsisht the massacree dhe kurrė massacrer".

    Disa tė shkėmbimeve tė saj stormiest u zhvillua me RW Seton-Watson, profesor, editor, kėshilltar e qeverisė, dhe vetė njė lloj zėdhėnėsi pėr pakicat kombėtare tė Europės Qendrore. The Durham / Seton-Watson korrespondencė (vendosur nė gazeta the Seton-Walson nė Shkollėn e Sllave dhe tė Europės Lindore Studime nė Londėr), ėshtė e rėndėsishme jo vetėm pėr dritėn qė hedh nė dy nga shkrimtarėt mė tė rėndėsishėm nė ēėshtjet ballkanike tė shekullit tė kaluar , por edhe pėr faktin se shkėmbimet zbulojnė diēka mė tė thellė pėr natyrėn e intelektualėve dhe ankesat i pėrjetuar ata bėjnė pronė tė tyre.


    Gjatė Luftės sė Parė Botėrore, Seton-Watson themeluar revistėn Evropėn e re pėr tė kampion emancipimin e europea € ² s nacionaliteteve subjekt, veēanėrisht ato tė shpėrthyer nga perandoria e Habsburgėve. Ditar bėri thirrje pėr "la Victoire Integrale", njė fitore qė do tė njohin tė drejtat kombėtare dhe duke siguruar njė paqe tė pėrhershme pėr tė kontinentit. Bashkėpunėtorėve tė pėrfshirė, pėrveē Seton-Watson si editor, Tomas Masaryk, rumun Nicolae Iorga historian, dhe shumė shkrimtarė tė tjerė tė rėndėsishėm nė ēėshtjet ndėrkombėtare, duke pėrfshirė Durham.

    Nė mars tė vitit 1920, Durham i shkroi Seton-Watson ankuar nė lidhje me atė qė ajo e pa si njė prirje pro-serbe nė Europėn e re dhe duke akuzuar redaktorėt e dashje injorimit tė shqiptarėve tė Malit tė Zi dhe tė Kosovės:

    "Unė kam informacionin e fundit se fshatrat qė nga armėpushimi serbėt kanė djegur dhe plaēkitur shqiptare, katolike, si dhe myslimane. Por, Evropa e Re, unė e di, do tė mohojė ēdo akuzė tė tillė dhe tė nėnkuptonte informatori ishte njė gėnjeshtar. Nėse e vėrteta ėshtė kėshtu fshehur, ajo qė ėshtė ēudi qė gjėrat tė shkojnė keq? "

    Durham kishte shkruar mė parė njė copė mbi shqiptar bektashian Sufizmi i cili, kur tė shtypura, u shoqėrua me njė shėnim qė tregon se redaksia nuk pajtohem me pikat e autorit, duke pėrfshirė edhe opozita e saj pėr pėrfshirjen e Kosovės nė mbretėrinė e re e Jugut sllave. Seton-Watson kėrkoi falje nė njė shėnim tė kthimit, tė pėrmendet se nuk ishte qėllim i bordit pėr fyerje Durham personalisht, por thjesht pėr ta shkėputur redaktorėt nga pikėpamjet personale tė shprehura nė artikullin e saj. Durham shpejt ka shkruajtur mbrapa. Kjo nuk ishte njė ēėshtje e fyerje personale tha ajo, por mė tepėr njė ilustrim tė shkėlqyer tė arrogancės e pabesueshme e krijuesit e politikave perėndimore-nė Ballkan. Nga efektivisht ndarjen e tokave shqiptare nė mes tė njė Shqipėrie tė pavarur dhe Mbretėria e krijuar rishtazi tė Serbėve, Kroatėve dhe Sllovenėve - pėrfundimisht pėr t'u bėrė Jugosllavi - nga fuqitė evropiane ishin krijuar kushtet pėr "njė Armenia dytė". Shqiptarėt, pa artileri dhe aeroplanė nuk ka, do tė jetė nė mėshirėn e ushtrisė serbe, "dhe faji do tė pushojė mbi Konferencėn e Paqes". Tragjedia e vėrtetė, ajo vazhdoi, ishte pamundėsia e atyre politikave pėr tė kuptuar thellėsinė e ndjenjės dhe ngatėrresat e jetės sė pėrditshme nė Ballkan. Pėrpjekjet e tyre pėr tė aplikuar standardet evropiane tė mirėsjelljes nė njė vend tė tronditur nga lufta dhe varfėria u dėnuar. Edhe kur u nėnshkruan marrėveshjet e paqes, nuk kishte garanci se zyrtarėt e vogla nuk do tė vazhdojė pėr tė trajtuar minoritetet si nė qoftė se ata ishin, duke u mbėshtetur nė gjakun e tyre apo feja, ende armiq tė shtetit:

    "Kėta njerėz qė asnjėherė nuk kanė jetuar muaj nė Ballkan hartojnė dispozita tė pėrpunuar pėr tė drejtat fetare dhe pakicat tė cilat nuk mund tė punojnė .... Edhe pse disa e inteligjencės nė tė gjitha vendet kanė qėllime tė shkėlqyer se ata janė mjaft tė pafuqishėm pėr tė kufizuar zyrtarėve tė vogla dhe tė Xhandarėt up vend. "

    Durham argumentoi se zgjidhja ishte thjesht pėr tė vizatuar vizat kufirit nė mėnyrė qė tė pėrfshijė njerėz sa mė pak tė jetė e mundur nėn sundimin e huaj. Pėrndryshe, kėrcėnimi i dhunės pėrhapur pėrtej kufijve tė tėrhequr tė sapo ishte jashtėzakonisht tė lartė, si "gjysmė njerėz tė dėshpėruar me pak pėr tė humbur do tė jetė gati qė tė nxitojnė nė njė luftė nė rastin off tė bėhet diēka". Dhunės nganjėherė mund tė kthehet tė jetė pėrgjigje mė racionale pėr tė shtypjes lokale dhe planet e konceptuar keq e paqebėrės tė huaj, jo thjesht njė kaotike gjakderdhje.

    Marrėdhėniet nė mes Durham dhe Seton-Watson ishin tashmė tė tensionuara nė kohėn e Konferencės sė Paqes, i cili ripohoi ekzistencėn e njė shteti shqiptar, por u largua shumė e kombit shqiptar jashtė kufijve tė saj. Gjatė viteve, burimi i mosmarrėveshjeve tė tyre evoluar nga ēėshtjet e politikės pėr tė mosmarrėveshjeve mė shumė personale se kush ishte mė i kualifikuar pėr tė komentuar nė ēėshtjet ballkanike, Durham shikuarat Seton-Watson si njė honxhobonxho pointy nė kokė. Ai kishte ardhur nė Ballkan nga veriu, pėrmes interesin e tij nė Sllovenėve dhe tė kroatėve nė Austro-Hungari, dhe pėr kėtė arsye kishte shumė pak pėr tė thėnė rreth racave shumė tė ndryshme nė jug. "Ju kam marrė atė bėrė njohje e parė tė marr tė sllavėve tė Austrisė, tė cilėt detyrohen kulturėn e tyre pėr brezat e qytetėrimit austriake", ajo shkroi atė nė dhjetor 1924, "dhe ju nuk e kuptoj rrezikun e nėnshtrohet atyre tė egėr serb , tė cilėt ju nuk e dini. "

    Durham u bė edhe mė anti-serb me kalimin e kohės. Ajo ishte e bindur se Mbretėria e serbėve. Kroatėve dhe Sllovenėve u jo mė shumė se njė maskė pėr Serbinė e Madhe. Mbretėria e re e Jugut sllave u drejtuar nga ish-shtėpia mbretėrore serbe dhe udhėhiqet kryesisht nga para-luftės politikanėt serbė. "Pashitsch & Co", shkruante ajo Seton-Watson nė mars 1925, duke iu referuar ministrit jugosllav kryeministrit, Nikola PAA ”ic ', "nuk kanė krijuar njė Jugosllavi por kanė kryer qėllimin e tyre origjinale tė bėrė Serbisė sė Madhe ... . Larg nga tė qenit ēliruar pjesa mė e madhe e njerėzve jetojnė nėn njė rregull shumė mė tė ashpėr se mė parė. " Fshatrat ishin rrafshuar dhe mizoritė e kryera, njė rekord prej veprave qė mund tė shtyjė edhe tė pakicave nė Jugosllavi nė krahėt e Rusisė bolshevike. antipati e saj tė politikės serbe dhe politikanėt, edhe pse, ka lindur mė shumė tė pakėnaqėsisė se pėrbuzje i organeve tė brendshme.

    "Pėr shumė vite kam mbėshtetur mė shumė ose mė pak ideja [e njė shteti serb Madhe]. Kjo ishte kur kam mėsuar tė serbėve nga brenda dhe e pa atė njė efekt reaksionar nė Evropė nė pėrgjithėsi skemėn serbe tė Madh mund tė ketė se unė ia dha up dhe kundėrshtuan nė fund atė. "

    Ndėrmjet shqiptarėve ajo gjeti pikėpamje tė jetės qė ishte ēliruar emocionalisht dhe krejtėsisht e ndryshme nga ajo e familjes mbytje e saj nė Londėr. Ndėrsa ajo gjeti miqtė e saj shqiptar & humor i ngrirė 'karakteristike dhe elasticitetin njė frymėzim, ajo gjithashtu vėrejti luftėn e tyre pėr njohjen ndėrkombėtare me shqetėsim nė rritje. Ajo pėrdoret ēdo mundėsi tė disponueshme pėr tė komunikuar vlerėsimin e saj tė bukura tė kulturės shqiptare pėr tė gjithė ata tė tjerė perėndimorė (nė anglisht dhe anasjelltas) tė cilėt "nuk di asgjė!"

    Pas publikimit tė librit tė saj tė dytė "The Burden i Ballkanit" (1905) Edith Durham establshed shpejt veten si njė autoritet nė ēėshtjet shqiptare. Pasi qė ka arritur me sukses disa udhėtime tė zgjatur nė tė gjithė terrenit tė rrezikshme, nė kundėrshtim tė kufizimeve tė vendosura nga autoritetet osmane, dhe duke rrezikuar rrėmbimit nga bandite, ajo kishte fituar njė reputacion si njė "i cili mund tė shikoni vdekjen nė sy". Vendi (duke pėrfshirė edhe peisazhet e bukura shqiptare spektakolare tė cilat mbeten vetėm si sot e shquar) dhe dinjitetin e popullit tė saj e kishte mahnitur e saj si turist dhe artist, reagimet e saj janė pėrmbledhur nga komentin e saj i dalldisur "Ketu eshte ngjyra, jeta dhe Art!" Nėpėrmjet pėrfshirjes sė saj nė rritje me token dhe popullin e saj njohuritė e saj dhe perceptimin e ato gjėra qė ajo erdhi nė lidhje si unike "shqiptar" evoluar, dhe kėshtu campaiging e saj pėr Shqipėrinė u bėnė mė tė fokusuara. Ajo ishte bėrė mjaft e ndėrgjegjshme se fati i saj si njė komb ėshtė njė ēėshtje qė kishte pėr t'u zgjidhur.

    Ndėrsa 500 vjeēar regjimi osman u gradualisht i paqėndrueshėm drejt varrit tė tij, Shqipėria ishte bėrė njė "tokė e diskutueshme", rrethuar nga Fuqitė e Mėdha grabitqare (e cila pėrfshinte Britania). kėrkimin fillestar Edith kishte qenė pėr aventurė ekzotike (tė pėrshkruar nė librin e saj "Pėrmes tokave tė serbėve" 1904). Por gjatė udhėtimit tė saj tė parė tė zgjatur nga Jugu nė Veri tė Shqipėrisė nė 1904 ajo u bė pėrshtypje fakti se "atė qė Shqipėria me tė vėrtetė dėshiron ėshtė pavarėsia, e njohur nga Evropa Njerėzit .... e tė gjitha klasave tė gjithė vendin nxitoi pėr tė shpjeguar shpresat e tyre dhe frikėn pėr atdheun e tyre, dhe pėr t'u lutur pėr njohjen angleze pėr ekzistencėn e tij ... Njerėzit e pėrshėndeti mua si njė shpėtimtar ... Unė kam qenė e papėrgatitur pėr kėtė dhe atė tė neveritur mua ". Rreth kėsaj kohe Edith Durham zbuloi njė tė ligjshme "zė" pėr veten e saj pėrmes njė identifikimi i pasionuar (por realiste), me luftė tė Shqipėrisė pėr vetėvendosje.


    Pėrfundimisht nė vitin 1908 ajo ishte joshur drejt "Malesise se Madhe", malet shqiptare tė Veriut. Deri atėherė ajo ishte kthyer tashmė veten nė njė etnograf dhe synon tė bėrė njė studim serioz tė fiseve malore shqiptare, pėrshkruhen nė librin e saj "High Albania" (1909). I shoqėruar nga besnik i saj shqiptar Shantoya guide Marko, sė bashku ata me luspa maja tė rrezikshme malore dhe kalon, udhėtojnė nga njė fshat nė tjetrin, ku kanė marrė mikpritjen madhėshtore. Nė kthim Edith do tė zbavitem "malėsorėt" me tregime e saj tė njė jete anglisht krejt tė huaj pėr ta, dhe skemė shtėpitė e tyre, kostumet dhe objekte. Ajo vuri nė dukje, skicuar, dhe fotografuar pothuajse ēdo aspekt tė jetės nė fshatrat malore, duke amassing njė arkiv tė pasur e me porosi popullore dhe tė traditės shqiptare. Nė dritėn e mohimit tė saj tė fuqishme, shumė besuan se ajo ishte "motra e mbretit tė Anglisė".

    Ajo e kishte bėrė qytetin shqiptar tė Veriut e ShkodĆ «r (Shkodra, Scutari) baza e saj deri nė kohėn e Luftėrave Ballkanike shpėrtheu nė 1912-1913 (kronikė nė librin e saj" Lufta per Scutari "1914). Prej kėtu ajo grumbulloi fonde nga jashtė pėr tė shpėrndarė ndihmė urinė pėr mijėra tribespeople malit tė dėshpėruar qė kishin qenė djegur nga ushtria turke tėrhequr. Legjenda e Kraltise Durami ka lindur. Eksperienca e saj unike e popullit malėsi dhe kulturėn e tyre mundėsoi tė saj pėr t'u bėrė gruaja e parė e luftės-korrespondent pėr tre newpapers kryesor britanik, njohuritė e saj brenda e bėri atė zili e gazetarėve tė tjerė tė cilėt u dyndėn nė zonėn e luftės, pasi qė ata kishin pėr tė kėrkuar her kėshilla.

    Pasi qė jetojnė nė Shqipėri pėr periudha tė gjata kohore ajo u detyrua tė kthehej nė Londėr nga shpėrthimi i Luftės sė Parė Botėrore. Nė 1918 ajo u bė sekretar i Shoqėrisė Anglo-Shqiptare e themeluar nga Aubrey Herbert nė Londėr dhe me atė qė ajo bėri fushatė fuqishėm nė behaf e Albaniaā € s ² drejtave. Kjo ishte kryesisht pėr shkak tė angazhimit tė saj tė patundur qė Shqipėria u bė e njohur nga Lidhja e Kombeve nė vitin 1920. Kur ajo u ftua tė vizitojė Shqipėrinė me njė delegacion nė 1921, ajo ishte mposhtur kėshtu nga processions rrugė dhe bankete mbajti nė nder tė saj qė ajo iku nė dėshpėrim, e kuptuar se shėndetin e saj mos nuk do tė lejojė atė tė jetojnė deri nė accolades lavdishme qė u dhuruan mbi tė. Por, nė Londėr, e drejtė deri nė vdekjen e saj ajo vociferously mbėshtetur interesat e Shqipėrisė.

    Ajo vazhdoi fushatėn e saj gjatė gjithė viteve 1930 dhe shqiptarėt u miqėsua shumė i shtyrė nė mėrgim nė Londėr. Nė "Black Friday" (Good Friday 1939) pas dėgjimit qė Mussoliniā € s forcat ² kishin pushtuar Shqipėrinė, tė zemėruar 76 vjeēar, Edit Durham paraded rrugėt e Londrės i veshur me njė pankartė me parullėn "Duart off Albania!" Ajo vdiq nė nėntor 1944, dy javė para se Enver Hoxha e mori pushtetin. Njė nekrologji qė pėrmban njė haraē emocionale shkruar nga njė politikan udhėheqės shqiptar u shfaq nė Daily Telegraph:
    "Open-mendje dhe bujare si ajo ishte, ajo shpejt kuptoi Albaniaā € ² s ... shpirtin pa frikė dhe pa kompromis ajo i tha tė botės dhe krerėt e saj atė qė ajo e kishte mėsuar ... shqiptarėt asnjėherė nuk e kam harruar, dhe nuk do tė harroj kėtė angleze. nė malet e Shqipėrisė ajo e dinte aq mirė, lajmi i vdekjes sė saj do tė bėjnė jehonė nga pik pėr pik, lajmin e vdekjes sė atij qė ėshtė dashur atje ".

    Nė mesin e njofton se nuk janė tė pėrfshira, duhet tė pėrmendet veēanėrisht ato tė shkruara nga Mary Edith Durham.6 Njė antropolog, njė piktor, historian dhe gazetar, Mary Edith Durham gjithashtu ka punuar pėr Organizatėn Relief Maqedonisė. " Ajo kaloi shumė vite nė Ballkan dhe ka jetuar nė mesin e shqiptarėve, si dhe nė mesin e serbo-malazezėve. Kur ajo e parė mbėrritėn nė Ballkan nė 1900, ajo ishte e predispozuar edhe ndaj serbėve, si tė ishin shumė njerėz tė tjerė nė perėndim, por ajo pėrfundimisht ka denoncuar Serbia nė tė gjitha shkrimet e saj. Aubrey Herbert, si, deputet, u shpreh, "Kjo ishte vetėm mizoria e serbėve qė u kthye nė dashuri i saj nuk e pėlqejnė." Njė pasazh tė pėrfshira nė Vite Njėzet e saj tė Ballkanit Tangle (Londėr, 1920), tregon se nė ēfarė mase ajo ishte revoltohet nga mizoritė e kryera nga malazezėt-serbo: "Pėr mbėrritjes nė Londėr," ajo shkroi, "unė e mbushur deri me Medaljen e Artė tė dhėnė mua nga mbreti Nikolla dhe u kthye atij duke deklaruar se unė kam shprehur shpesh habi si persona tė cilėt pranuan dekorata nga Abdul Hamid, dhe qė tani e dija se ai dhe subjektet e tij kanė qenė edhe mė mizor se Turk, unė nuk do tė mbajė gjakun e tij- medalje njolla mė gjatė. I komunikuar kėtė pėr shtypin angleze dhe austriake. Urdhėri i Shėn Savės pėr mua tė dhėnė nga mbreti Petar e Serbisė kam vendosur pėr tė mbajtur njė ² pak mė tė gjatė ā € deri disa flagrant ² caseā veēantė €. "

    Nė fakt, serbo-malazezėt, i ēliruar njė herė nga zgjedha turke, u pėrpoqėn tė vendosin mbi kombet e tjera, tė katolikėve se ata ose tė myslimanėve, njė lidhje e fortė e cila ishte shumė mė tė rėnda se ajo e turqve. "Nuk ka Turk," shkruante Miss Durham nė atė njėjtin libėr, "trajtohet ndonjėherė armenėve mė e keqe se e bėri tė dy popujve serb trajtojnė shqiptarėt nė emėr tė Kishės Ortodokse".
    Ndryshuar pėr herė tė fundit nga FreeByrd : 09-04-2011 mė 14:54
    We are the part of the Cosmos that discovered and understands its unfolding story

  6. #6
    Mirė se vini nė Harlan Maska e FreeByrd
    Anėtarėsuar
    05-02-2011
    Vendndodhja
    Tennessee
    Postime
    1,023
    This is an article about Albania and Edith Durham written by contemporary freelance writer, Kristin Ohlson


    Queen of the Highlands
    Could I find the Albania that inspired a brave British woman more than 100 years ago?
    By Kristin Ohlson

    The innkeeper at the Tradita Hotel set down his tea regretfully. “You want to see castle or bridge?” A mutual friend had asked him to take good care of me, but clearly he didn’t relish the role.

    A few minutes later, four of us climbed into a dark sedan and lurched into the crowded streets of Shkodra, a city in Albania’s northwest. Heat and noise poured in the windows as Mr. Gila and his wife and brother continued what seemed to be a fractious debate in Albanian, punctuated briefly by Mr. Gila waving at various sights and shouting their identification into the back seat for me.

    “There is cathedral, which Communists make into gymnasium years ago! Now crowded with Catholics again.”

    “There is university!”

    “Tobacco factory! Busy once, now closed.”

    As the buildings became smaller and the streets less congested, I watched the city devolve into countryside. At this juncture, the innkeeper was not only dodging cars and people on bicycles; he swerved around boys guiding lustrous brown cows, a farmer carrying a bundle of sticks on his back, even two men playing chess dangerously close to the road as their dusty, dreadlocked sheep huddled nearby. Finally, he pulled the car into a garbage-strewn space on a bank overlooking the Kiri River and pointed at an old bridge.

    “The Ura Mesit,” Mr. Gila intoned, adjusting the twisted red cummerbund that separated his elaborately pintucked white shirt from his khakis. “Very old. Venetian, maybe.”

    The old bridge rose in a series of stone arches over the parched riverbed. I wanted to slide down the hill and walk over its narrow, neatly cobbled surface, but a fence blocked the entrance. Mr. Gila’s brother ran down to the fence and I thought he might be getting ready to scale it. Then he held out his camera and crouched and twisted and snapped his own picture until he was sure that the Ura Mesit was the backdrop to his headshot. He posed for several self-portraits, straw hat on, then shaved head gleaming in the sun, then hat on again.

    “Facebook,” he explained with a broad smile. In a mixture of Albanian, German, French, and gestures, he offered to take a picture for my Facebook page. But his brother shouted, and we piled into the car and dashed back to the Tradita Hotel.

    Back in my hotel room, I consulted the yellowed copy of High Albania in my duffle and realized that the innkeeper had unwittingly taken me to a spot that had captured my imagination more than 20 years ago. I had come to Albania inspired by the writings of Edith Durham, a British artist who wandered there in the early 20th century and fell in love with the place. She returned over a 20-year period to explore, sketch, and write. High Albania was published in 1909 and detailed her eight-month journey from Shkodra to the remote and irrepressibly wild mountain villages to the north. Accompanied only by a guide from Shkodra named Marko Shantoya, she scaled cliffs, forded rivers, and rode horses to meet Albania’s mountain tribes. She slept on beds made of ferns in their homes, joined their riotous celebrations, fired their guns, and jotted down the lurid details of the blood feuds between families. She wrote admiringly of the hospitality of the mountain people, who were eager to take in guests and protect them with their lives. The blood feuds, the hospitality, and other practices were regulated by a code dating to the 1600s called the Kanuni of Leke Dukagjin, a clan chief whose actual identity is still unknown. When I first read the book, in a few totally absorbed nights on the downstairs couch, I was a young mother with children sleeping overhead. I wanted to be a woman like her, not only traveling alone but going to the wild places no one else had much interest in seeing.

    Durham loved Albania, and Albania loved her back. Crowds greeted her in the cities back in the early 1900s, grateful, among other things, for her steady support of Albania’s nationalist aspirations. Streets were named after her. She still has many impassioned fans in Albania, and Mr. Gila is one of them. They call her Krajilca e Malesoreve, a phrase in archaic Albanian meaning the Highlanders’ Queen. Still, Mr. Gila hadn’t seemed to know that the Ura Mesit bridge was her point of exit from Shkodra to the northern mountains. When I confirmed this back in my hotel room, I felt as if I had stumbled upon a secret.

    When Durham first visited, Albania was a colonial outpost of the fraying Ottoman Empire. The country shed that 430-year yoke in 1912. A dizzying array of regimes followed: a brief period of monarchy, occupation by the Italian fascists, then the triumph in 1942 of the Albanian Communist Party. Albania became a stridently socialist state, separated from the rest of the world by a nearly impermeable iron cloak until around 1990. Because of this, I thought it possible that Albania hadn’t changed as much as the rest of the world, that Durham’s Albania remained, that the curious mountain traditions persevered, that the alpine villages — especially Durham’s beloved Thethi, in the Shala Valley north of Shkodra — retained their remote splendor. With that in mind, I flew to Albania last September.

    •

    I found much to like about Shkodra, but not at first. As my driver and I approached the city, I admired the agricultural outskirts — the corn was bright yellow, the cabbages lay in frilly blue-green rows, the melon fields looked as if they had been cobbled with pale gold orbs. Then my driver shot around a bend into the city and I thought, “Who knew there could be so much chartreuse paint?”

    The communists in Albania built miles of massive, five-storey housing blocks. In the capital city of Tirana, artist-mayor Edi Rama has garnered worldwide attention by lavishing paint on these dour buildings, so much so that parts of the city look like heaps of colorful children’s toys. The Technicolor movement has spread from Tirana to places such as Shkodra. I was at first taken aback by the garishness of the city as we drove towards the Tradita, passing one city block painted pink, then another lime green, and then an orange high rise. I was dismayed by the rusting satellite dishes and laundry flapping out the windows. And like every place I had passed in my few days in Albania, new construction was raging.

    Smugly ensconced in one of Shkodra’s beautiful old buildings of stone and dark wood, Mr. Gila made a face when I asked him about the jumble of buildings outside. “The Communists make the five-storey buildings,” he sneered. “The capitalists build the eight- and 10-storey buildings.”

    But after walking around for a few days, I became fond of the city and its people. Street life is brisk and lively, with what seems to be hundreds of sidewalk cafes. Wherever there’s room to stretch out an awning or open an umbrella, there’s a café crowded with people drinking coffee, an eye-watering liquor called raki, or both.

    As I walked the streets, I saw heaps of tousled trousers for sale, beach balls hanging from the trees like clusters of grapes, and awnings layered with small plastic swimming pools. One entire sidewalk had been turned into a book market, with titles arrayed along one side and people lined up to peruse the covers. Everywhere I looked, people were arm in arm, or riding their bicycles with steely nerve alongside the stream of cars, or sheltered under a tree for conversation. The only lonely souls seemed to be the two Mormon missionaries on one downtown corner, dark-suited stones that the river of people parted to pass, and the two men setting up an outdoor movie on the opposite corner, in front of a large yellow mosque. In my five days in the city, I hardly saw anyone at the mosque. Perhaps this was not surprising, since Albania is the world’s first and only officially atheist state. Although Shkodra is a heavily Catholic city within the Muslim-majority Albania, most Albanians still seem to be either indifferent to religion or exceptionally mild in their practices.

    The city streets were vibrant at night. As the sun set, café bands turned up their amps and the merry-go-round on the sidewalk near the yellow mosque blinked its neon lights and twirled. Roma beggars walked the crowds banging drums, reminding Muslims that Ramadan — going on during my visit — was a time for extra generosity.

    Before I left home, I had made some contacts with English-speaking Shkodrans. One was Angeline Shepela, who grew up in Thethi and spends his summer teaching there and his winters working in the city. When I was ready to head off to Thethi, he would be my driver, guide, and host, as his family has opened its mountain home to paying guests. Before we left, though, we spent many hours at the café in front of the old cinema in downtown Shkodra, down the street from the mosque. People passed and called out greetings from the street; groups gathered and expanded over several tables. One night, Angeline told a boyhood friend from Thethi about the inspiration for my trip. The friend nearly toppled his chair with enthusiasm.

    “Edith Durham!” he said — or, in the Albanian way, Edit DurHAM. “I love Edith Durham! She made me feel that our country is special.”

    I had heard that the grandson of Durham’s guide to the mountains was still living in Shkodra, so one morning Angeline and I approached a sturdy door set in a yellow wall and knocked. Soon, a grimly dignified old man with bristling black eyebrows seated us at a table in his patio, crowded with a garden; pond; motorcycle; a child’s swing that hung from a beam; and a silent, caged canary. He asked if we wanted a soft drink and I shook my head; I didn’t want him to fuss on my behalf. But I had forgotten — I always forgot — that head shaking means “yes” in Albania and nodding means “no.” I was always getting raki when I didn’t want it and pining for coffee when I did want it. Soon, both Angeline and I held glasses of cola.

    I had expected this old man — also named Marko Shantoya — to be excited that a stranger from the United States had an interest in his family. But other historians and writers had already found their way to his house; besides, he wasn’t feeling well. Despite that, he graciously made several trips down hallways to drag out artifacts. Two letters from Edith Durham herself, one to his grandmother and one “to whom it may concern” recommending his grandfather as a guide and translator. A portrait in oil of his grandfather. And best of all: a walking stick topped with an ivory knob depicting a lion devouring a snake. It had been a gift from the first Marko to Durham, who returned it to the family as a birth gift for this Marko.

    “My grandfather was a climber — he loved the mountains, and Thethi most of all,” he said, smiling. “I also loved going there when I was young.”

    Then his smile faded. He and his grandfather shared more than their eagerness for climbing. Both had a passion for politics that they expressed in writing; both had been cruelly punished by the authorities. The first Marko was imprisoned by the Ottomans; this Marko had been imprisoned by Albania’s communists, who had also shot his father, an officer in the king’s army. As he told this story, a waltz played incongruously from some room at the back of the house. He noticed my head tilting toward the music, and said that all the family had been musicians, as well as political gadflies. The first Marko played the violin and the flute. This Marko played the piano, but the Communists confiscated his piano and installed it in a school.

    He and Angeline continued talking for a while in Albanian, trading stories of loved ones jailed or persecuted by one regime or another. Durham had written of how the Albanian men took glee in shocking her with the details of their blood feuds, but I wondered if their collective memories were now so burdened with stories of harsh regimes that there was no longer even the pretense of glee.

    On our way out, I asked the old man if I could take his picture. He shuddered. “I look like a ghost.”

    •

    “Life at Thethi was of absorbing interest,” Durham wrote. “I forgot all about the rest of the world and there seemed no reason why I should ever return.” The village around her buzzed with stories of blood feuds and wives fleeing arranged marriages. She sketched, wrote, and tried to convince the villagers that she wasn’t sister to the king of England, in Albania, as they believed, to help free them from the Ottomans.

    The Thethi I found seemed to be a place of utter tranquility. After a four-hour trip across the plains outside Shkodra and then over the mountains, Angeline, his brother Jon and I finally arrived at their house — of gray stone, like others we had passed. The valley around us was green, flecked with colors of the approaching fall. The mountains all around us strained upward, breaking free of the flora and ending in jagged stone peaks. Their mother Leze came out to greet me, dressed in the mountain style that I had often seen in Shkodra and would see everywhere in Thethi: dark skirt, her head covered by a scarf, with dyed dark hair woven intricately across her forehead. She immediately brought out soup, bread, and raki. I ate in silence, listening to the crystalline chatter of the nearly Shala River.

    Then Angeline and I walked to Thethi’s most famous artifact: the three-storey lock-in tower or kulla, the only remnant of an architectural style that dominated the area when Durham visited. We climbed the retractable wood ladder inside to the third floor and peered through slits in the stone walls just wide enough for the muzzle of a gun. During blood feuds, men from the family who “owed blood” — they had killed a male from another family or committed some other offense — lived in safety in the kulla until either the parities resolved the fued or an unlucky kinsman evened the score with his own death. Down below, the women tended the crops and animals and ensured the continuity of domestic life. Most of the kullas in Albania have been torn down by governments eager to eradicate traces of this violent heritage. But Thethi is part of a national park, and this kulla has been preserved.

    Outside, the current owner of the kulla and his wife harvested yellow plums to make raki while two men watched — a handsome old man with finely burnished cheeks and a younger man with tousled hair who hoisted up his shirt to air his capacious belly. Angeline spoke to the men for a few minutes, and they all turned to me and said. “Ah, Edit DurHAM!” They discussed the various houses where Durham was reputed to have stayed in the village, including the kulla owner’s house, just around a stony rise. As we walked away, Angeline asked if I wanted to see the inside of the house. I hesitated at the doorway as he walked inside.

    “I can go anywhere in Thethi,” he laughed. “We’re all family. I can trace my own lineage back 14 generations here.”

    “What about that girl who caught a ride from the top of the hill to the church with us?” I asked, remembering a certain degree of flirtation. “Was she family, too?”

    He nodded seriously. “We never marry or even date girls from here. The relationship is too close.”

    Thethi maintained its isolation through the end of the Ottoman Empire and even, to a lesser extent, during the communist era. While tourism to the village was allowed for party loyalists, guard shacks on the road into and out of Thethi kept people from leaving without an official reason. Now that restraints to mobility are gone, many people have left Thethi and the other mountain villages. Winters are hard up there, and modern life beckons from the cities. Hundreds of thousands have left the country as a whole in the last two decades seeking employment, and many young people from Thethi are among them. Thethi once had a population of 2,000, Angeline said; now, only a handful of families stay through the winter. But a surge of outsiders interested in the mountains, waterfalls, and wildlife have brought money and vitality back. Angeline himself stayed away from the village for years. He is spending more and more time there, not just to claim some of those tourism euros but because he’s developed a Durham-like reverence for the village.

    Angeline and I walked along the dried creek beds and dirt paths around fields that serve as village streets. At the village cemetery, he pointed out how the Communists had broken all the stone crosses and how villagers have added new wooden ones. We wandered over to a waterfall and nearby archaeological dig, then feasted on heavily laden pear and cherry trees. We drove down the road to nearby Nderlysa, a nearly deserted village of beautiful stone houses on the banks of the river, and helped ourselves to the grapes on abandoned vines. On the other side of Thethi, we spent an hour talking with a sturdy septuagenarian shepherdess who controlled both her flock and her snarling dogs with only a few brusque words.

    The next morning, I went to watch Leze make bread in a wood oven and found her kitchen crowded with village women. “Hello, nice to meet you, thank you very much, you are welcome!” one of them exclaimed, then they all clapped me on the shoulders mirthfully. The woman was on her way to the corn mill down by the river, which Angeline and Jon built several years ago. It wasn’t working, and she had recruited Jon and three German students staying at another guesthouse to fix it. “She has a lazy husband,” Angeline’s brother Jon explained.

    The lazy husband turned out to be the man who had been airing his belly at the kulla. He and Jon and the German students scraped sand from the bottom of the channel that diverted water to the corn mill and added stones to its sides, all in an effort to make the flow of water stronger to the mill. The effort turned into a water fight, leaving the woman and her bag of corn wet — and allowing the lazy husband to slink away before the job was done. Life in Thethi was still of absorbing interest.

    On my last day, Jon took me to visit one of the village elders, a man who made his own musical instruments and liked to entertain visitors with song. One granddaughter dashed off to find him and another brought raki as Jon and I settled at a metal table. In a few minutes, a neighbor rode over on a horse, parked it near a boulder, and went into the house. I asked Jon if the neighbor lived in the fine stone house directly behind us.

    “No, those people are gone,” he said. “There is a blood feud between them and this man who plays the lahuta. They had to move away.”

    The wind blew so fiercely that we were pelted with hard green pears, one of which impaled itself on Jon’s glass of raki. “Blood feud?” I repeated. I had started to think that asking Angeline and Jon about blood feuds was as silly as someone asking me if Conestoga wagons still crossed America’s plains.

    “Two young boys fought and one was killed, then the other family took revenge,” Jon explained. “There are now two dead on each side. This man’s sons are not safe, so they live in Italy.”

    Then, the man arrived. Broad-shouldered and erect, wearing a brilliant white shirt and navy terrycloth slippers, he called for his instruments. One granddaughter brought a long-handled instrument plus another shaped like a large frying pan. The other carried out a goat skin with head and horns attached and flung it on the stone steps of the house. The man settled on the skin like an ancient king and sang two long mournful songs, both about the miseries of life during the Ottoman reign. When he finished, he spoke for several minutes. “He’s lived in Thethi all his life,” Jon translated. “People used to be very close here. You’d kill a pig, and everyone would come to eat. Now, people are more educated and they want to take part in the whole world. But still, we take care of our guests.”

    He did not want to talk about the blood feud; the days of men sitting around swapping tales of such things and boasting of them to a stranger like Durham seemed to be over. We soon left the old man’s house. But as I made my way back to Shkodra and then on a winding, improvised trip back to Tirana, I thought often about that combination of violence and courtesy. People were incredibly hospitable to me in Albania. Strangers with whom I shared a car back to Shkodra invited me to stay at their home. When I peeked in the window at a wedding party in Bajram Curri, a tiny town in the northeast, the father of the bride invited me inside; soon waiters brought me platters of lamb and potatoes. Old men sitting in the sun dusted off chairs and offered me coffee or raki. And I felt safe there, safer even than I do in my own neighborhood in Cleveland. But I also learned that the blood feuds have resurfaced since the end of communist rule. As the mountain people seek jobs and an easier life in the cities, they bring these violent old ways with them.

    “The Kanuni of Leke Dukagjin was beautiful in its time,” a young Shkodran woman complained to me one night over wine and dinner. “It was an effort to impose order in a society that had no laws. But why are we still talking about it in 2009?”

    But she was the one who brought it up, since Shkodra has some blood-feud killings every year.

    On my last weekend in Albania, I met up with a man I’d been emailing for months about this trip. Elvis Kotherja runs a tourism company based in Elbasoni, south of Tirana. He’s another Edith Durham fan. A few years ago, he sent a letter to the prime minister suggesting that a regional airport be named for her. As Elvis took me out for a final look at Tirana, we drove along the river that runs through the middle of the city. He told me that the riverbanks used to be covered with buildings hastily erected after the end of communism — an architectural and zoning nightmare — and that the mayor had torn them all down within the last few years.

    “All except that one,” he said, pointing to a three-storey pink building. “The men who live there are involved in a blood feud. They’re afraid to come out, so the mayor can’t tear down the building.”

    “Can I talk to them?”

    He obligingly circled the car around and knocked on a rusted metal door at the front of the building. Someone spoke to him from the other side of the door. “They are too frightened to come out,” he reported. “They say there are only women and children and one old man living there."

    A man watched us from an insurance office across the street, so Elvis and I dodged the traffic to ask if he knew the story of the pink building. It turned out to be an even sadder story than the one Elvis first told me — perhaps my proximity to murder so vigorously pursued, not mediated through the pages of Durham’s narrative, made it especially so. The males in that family had already been killed, the man said; this family was owed blood. But the mothers were afraid of letting their sons out because they weren’t sure the other family properly understood the Kanuni. They were afraid the other family would just keep on killing. • 2 March 2011

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    Ky ėshtė njė artikull pėr Shqipėrinė dhe Edith Durham shkruar nga shkrimtar i pavarur bashkėkohore, Kristin Ohlson


    Mbretėresha e male
    Mund tė tė gjej tė Shqipėrisė qė frymėzoi njė grua e guximshme britanik mė shumė se 100 vjet mė parė?
    Nga Ohlson Kristin

    The hanxhi nė Hotel TRADITA vendosur poshtė ēaj e tij pėr fat tė keq. "Ju dėshironi tė shikoni kėshtjellė apo urė?" Njė mik tė pėrbashkėt kishte kėrkuar atij tė kujdeset mirė pėr mua, por nė mėnyrė tė qartė se ai nuk e shijon rolin.

    Pak minuta mė vonė, katėr prej nesh u ngjit nė njė sedan errėt dhe lurched nė rrugėt mbushur me njerėz tė Shkodrės, njė qytet nė veriperėndim tė Shqipėrisė. Ngrohjes dhe zhurma derdhur nė dritare si z. Gila dhe gruaja e tij dhe vėllait tė vazhduar atė qė duket tė jetė njė debat e shpėrndarė nė gjuhėn shqipe, tė ndėrprera pėr pak kohė nga z. Gila mbanin nė pamjet e ndryshme dhe tė bėrtasin identifikimin e tyre nė ndenjėsen e pasme pėr mua.

    "Nuk ėshtė katedrale, e cila komunistėve tė bėjė nė vitet e gjimnazit mė parė! Tani mbushur me katolikėt pėrsėri. "

    "Nuk ka universitet!"

    "Fabrika e Duhanit! Zėnė njė herė, tani e mbyllur ".

    Si u bė ndėrtesave tė vogla dhe nė rrugėt mė pak i mbushur plot, unė pashė qytetin e kalon nė fshat. Nė kėtė ēast kritik, tė hanxhi nuk ishte vetėm dodging makina dhe njerėzit nė biēikleta, ai swerved rreth djemve udhėzuese lopė me shkėlqim kafe, njė bujk qė mbante njė pako e shkopinj nė shpinė tė tij, edhe dy meshkuj duke luajtur shah rrezikshme nė afėrsi tė rrugės si me pluhur e tyre, dele dreadlocked huddled aty pranė. Sė fundi, ai tėrhoqi makinėn nė njė hapėsirė ​​mbeturina-tė shpėrndara nė njė bankė me pamje nga lumi Kiri dhe vuri nė njė urė tė vjetėr.

    "The Mesit Ura," intoned z. Gila, rregullimin e cummerbund i shtrembėruar i kuq qė tė ndara pintucked detajisht kėmishėn e tij tė bardhė nga khakis e tij. "Shumė i vjetėr. Venedikut, ndoshta. "

    Urėn e vjetėr u rrit nė njė seri e harqe guri mbi shtratin e lumit etur. Doja tė rrėshqas poshtė kodrės dhe ecin mbi sipėrfaqen e ngushtė e saj, me kalldrėm me kujdes, por njė gardh bllokuan hyrjen. vėllai i z. Gila-sė u zhvillua deri nė gardh dhe kam menduar se ai mund tė jetė duke u pėrgatitur pėr shkallė tė. Pastaj ai mbajti jashtė aparatin e tij dhe e strukur dhe i ndrydhur dhe u kėput foto e tij deri sa ai ishte i sigurt se Mesit Ura ishte sfond tė headshot e tij. Ai pėrbėn pėr disa vet-portrete, kashtė kapelėn, kokėn e qethur pastaj shkėlqen nė diell, pastaj kapelė nė pėrsėri.

    "Facebook", shpjegoi ai me njė buzėqeshje tė gjerė. Nė njė pėrzierje tė shqiptarėve, gjermanisht, frėngjisht, dhe gjeste, ai ofroi qė tė marrė njė foto pėr tu faqen time. Por vėllai i tij bėrtiti, dhe ne grumbulluar nė makinė dhe thye pėrsėri nė Hotel TRADITA.

    Kthehu nė dhomėn time hotel, u konsultova me kopje zverdhur e Lartė e Shqipėrisė nė sende personale dhe e kuptova se hanxhi kishte marrė padashur mua pėr njė vend qė kishte kapur imagjinatėn time mė shumė se 20 vjet mė parė. Unė kisha ardhur nė Shqipėri frymėzuar nga shkrimet e Edith Durham, njė artist britanik, i cili ka humbur nė fillim tė shekullit tė 20 dhe ra nė dashuri me vendin. Ajo u kthye nė njė periudhė 20-vjeēare pėr tė shqyrtuar, skemė, dhe shkruani. Tė lartė tė Shqipėrisė, u botua nė vitin 1909 dhe tė detajuar udhėtimin e saj tetė muaj nga Shkodra pėr nė fshatrat e thella dhe irrepressibly egra malore nė veri. Shoqėruar vetėm nga njė udhėzues nga Shkodra me emrin Marko Shantoya, ajo me luspa shkėmbinjtė, lumenjtė forded, dhe rode kuaj pėr tė pėrmbushur fiseve malore tė Shqipėrisė. Ajo flinin nė shtretėrit e bėrė nga ferns nė shtėpitė e tyre, u bashkua me festimet e tyre tė tėrbuar, shkarkoi armėt e tyre, dhe jotted poshtė tė dhėnat e pėrflakur e gjakmarrjes mes familjeve. Ajo shkroi admiringly e mikpritjen e njerėzve malit, tė cilėt ishin tė etur pėr tė marrė nė miq dhe mbrojtjen e tyre me jetėn e tyre. Gjakmarrjet, mikpritjen, dhe praktikat e tjera ishin rregulluar nga njė kod qė daton nė 1600 tė quajtur Kanuni i Lekė Dukagjinit, njė shefi klani aktual tė cilit identiteti ėshtė ende i panjohur. Kur kam lexuar librin e parė, nė disa netė i zhytur tėrėsisht nė shtrat nė katin e poshtėm, unė kam qenė njė nėnė e re me fėmijėt duke fjetur lart. Doja tė jetė njė grua si ajo, jo vetėm qė udhėtojnė vetėm, por do tė vendeve tė egra qė askush tjetėr nuk kishte shumė interes tė shohim.

    Durham donte Shqipėrinė, dhe Shqipėria tė dashur prapa saj. Turmat pėrshėndetėn atė nė qytetet pėrsėri nė fillim tė viteve 1900, mirėnjohės, ndėr tė tjera, pėr mbėshtetjen e saj tė qėndrueshėm e aspiratat e Shqipėrisė pėr nacionaliste. Rrugėt ishin tė emėruar pas saj. Ajo ende ka shumė tifozė tė pasionuar nė Shqipėri, dhe z. Gila ėshtė njė prej tyre. Ata e quajnė Krajilca e saj e Malesoreve, njė frazė nė gjuhėn shqipe arkaike kuptim Queen malėsorėt '. Megjithatė, z. Gila nuk duket se e di se ura e Mesit Ura ishte pika e saj e daljes nga Shkodra pėr nė malet veriore. Kur unė konfirmuar kėtė pėrsėri nė dhomėn time hotel, ndjeva sikur kisha ngecur mbi njė sekret.

    Kur Durham vizitoi parė, Shqipėria ishte njė post kolonial tė Perandorisė Osmane fraying. Vendi derdhur zgjedhėn se 430-vjeēare nė 1912. Njė grup dizzying e regjimeve tė ndjekur: njė periudhė tė shkurtėr e monarkisė, pushtimi nga ana e fashistėve italianė, pas triumfit nė vitin 1942 tė Partisė Komuniste Shqiptare. Shqipėria u bė njė stridently shtetit socialist, tė ndarė nga pjesa tjetėr e botės nga njė mantel tė hekurt gati i ngjeshur deri nė rreth 1990. Pėr shkak tė kėsaj, kam menduar se ėshtė e mundur qė Shqipėria nuk kishte ndryshuar aq shumė sa pjesa tjetėr e botės, se Shqipėria Durhamit mbeti, se traditat kurioz mal i bėmė prijėsa, qė fshatrat alpin - sidomos Thethi dashur Durhamit, nė luginėn e Shalės nė veri e Shkodrės - ruajti shkėlqimin e tyre tė largėta. Me kėtė nė mendje, unė u nis pėr nė Shqipėri shtator fundit.

    •

    Kam gjetur shumė pėr tė si pėr Shkodrėn, por jo nė fillim. Si shoferi im dhe unė iu afrua qytetit, i admiruar nė periferi bujqėsore - ishte misri tė verdhė tė ndritshme, cabbages vė nė radhė me xhingla blu-jeshile, pjepėr fushat dukej sikur ato kishin qenė me kalldrėm me orbs ar zbehtė. Pastaj shoferi im qėlloi rreth njė kthesė nė qytet dhe kam menduar, "Kush e dinte se mund tė pėrshkruaj kaq shumė chartreuse?"

    Tė komunizmit nė Shqipėri e ndėrtuar kilometra e, blloqet masive tė strehimit pesė-katėshe. Nė kryeqytetin e Tiranės, kryebashkiaku-artist Edi Rama ka mori vėmendjen e gjithė botės nga lavishing bojė nė kėto ndėrtesa i sertė, aq shumė sa qė duken pjesėt e qytetit si mal e lodra tė fėmijėve tė gjallė tė. Lėvizja e Technicolor ėshtė pėrhapur nga Tirana nė vende tė tilla si Shkodra. Unė kam qenė nė tė marra e parė befasuar nga garishness e qytetit si ne kope drejt TRADITA, duke kaluar njė bllok pikturuar qytetin e kuq, pastaj njė tjetėr e gjelbėr gėlqere, dhe mė pas njė rritje tė lartė portokalli. Unė u tronditen nga antenat satelitore ndryshkura dhe lavanderi flapping nga dritaret. Dhe si ēdo vend i kishte kaluar nė ditėt e mia pak nė Shqipėri, ndėrtimet e reja ishte e ndezur.

    ensconced smugly nė njė nga ndėrtesat e bukura tė Shkodrės e vjetra prej guri dhe druri tė errėt, z. Gila bėri njė fytyrė kur e pyeta pėr grumbull i objekteve jashtė. "Komunistėt bėjė ndėrtesat e pesė-katėshe," sneered ai. "Kapitalistėve ndėrtimin e ndėrtesave tė tetė dhe tė 10-katėshe."

    Por pas nė kėmbė rreth e rrotull pėr disa ditė, unė u bė dua tė qytetit dhe popullin e saj. jeta Rruga ėshtė e shpejtė dhe tė gjallė, me atė qė duket tė jetė qindra kafenetė trotuar. Kudo qė ka vend tė shtrij njė mbyllur ose tė hapur njė ēadėr, ka njė kafene tė mbushur me njerėz tė pirė kafe, njė pijeve-sy lotim quajtur raki, ose tė dyja.

    Si kam ecur nė rrugė, pashė grumbujt e pantallona tousled pėr shitje, topa plazhi varur nga pemėt si vile tė rrushit, dhe awnings shtresa me pishina tė vogla not plastike. Njė trotuar tė tėrė ishte kthyer nė njė treg tė librit, me tituj tė veshur bashku nga njėra anė dhe njerėzve tė rreshtuar pėr tė lexoj mbulon. Kudo kam shikuar, njerėzit ishin krah pėr krah, ose hipur biēikleta e tyre me nervore i fortė sė bashku me rrymė e makinave, apo strehuar nėn njė pemė pėr bisedė. Shpirtrat e vetmuar vetėm duket tė jetė dy misionarėve tė Mormonit nė njė qoshe nė qendėr tė qytetit, gurė errėt i pėrshtatshėm se lumi i njerėzve tė ndarė pėr tė kaluar, dhe tė dy burrat duke krijuar njė film nė natyrė nė kėndin e kundėrt, nė frontin e njė xhamie tė madhe tė verdhė . Nė ditėt e pesė tim nė qytet, kam vėshtirė se pashė njeri nė xhami. Ndoshta kjo nuk ishte i papritur, pasi Shqipėria ėshtė nė botė parė dhe e vetme e shtetit zyrtarisht ateist. Edhe pse Shkodra ėshtė njė qytet shumė katolike nė kuadėr tė shumicės myslimane-Shqipėri, shumica e shqiptarėve ende duket tė jetė ose indiferent ndaj fesė apo tė veēantė tė butė nė praktikat e tyre.

    Rrugėt e qytetit ishin tė gjallė gjatė natės. Si set dielli, bandat kafene kthyer deri amps e tyre dhe e-karusel nė trotuar, pranė xhamisė sė verdhė blinked dritat e saj neoni dhe twirled. lypės romė u larguan turmat banging bateri, duke i kujtuar muslimanėve se Ramazanit - nė vazhdim e sipėr, gjatė vizitės sime - ėshtė njė kohė pėr bujarinė shtesė.

    Para se tė kam lėnė nė shtėpi, unė kam bėrė disa kontakte me shkodranė anglisht-folėse. Njė ishte Angeline Shepela, i cili u rrit deri ne Theth dhe shpenzon mėsimin e tij verė aty dhe dimėr tė tij tė punės nė qytet. Kur unė isha gati tė kthej nė Theth, ai do tė ishte shoferi im, udhėzues, dhe tė presė, si familja e tij ka hapur shtėpinė e saj tė malit pėr tė ftuarit e paguar. Para se tė majtė, edhe pse, ne kemi kaluar shumė orė nė kafe para kinemanė e vjetėr nė qendėr tė Shkodrės, poshtė rrugės nga xhamia. Njerėzit kaluan dhe thirri te fala nga rruga, grupet u mblodhėn dhe zgjeruar mbi disa tavolina. Njė natė, Angeline tha njė mik djalėri nga Thethi nė lidhje me frymėzim pėr udhėtimin tim. Mik gati pėrmbysi karrige e tij me entuziazėm.

    "Edith Durham" tha ai - ose, nė mėnyrė shqiptare, Edit Durham. "I love Edith Durham! Ajo bėri tė ndihem se vendi ynė ėshtė i veēantė. "

    Unė kisha dėgjuar se nipi i guide Durhamit nė male ishte ende duke jetuar nė Shkodėr, kėshtu qė njė mėngjes Angeline dhe unė iu afrua njė derė tė guximshėm tė vendosura nė njė mur tė verdhė dhe rrėzuan. Sė shpejti, njė burrė i vjetėr grimly dinjitoze me bristling vetullat zi na ulur nė njė tavolinė nė oborr tė tij, tė mbushur me njerėz me njė kopsht, pellg, motor, ritėm tė fėmijės qė tė varur nga njė rreze, dhe njė tė heshtur, caged kanarinė. Ai e pyeti nėse donte njė pije e butė dhe unė tundi kokėn time, unė nuk dua qė ai tė bujė nė emrin tim. Por unė kam harruar - Unė gjithmonė harruar - qė kreu lėkundje tė thotė "po" nė Shqipėri dhe nodding do tė thotė "jo." Unė kam qenė gjithmonė po raki kur unė nuk e dua atė dhe pining pėr kafe, kur unė nuk dua atė. Sė shpejti, dy Angeline dhe kam mbajtur syzet tė cola.

    Unė e kishte pritur kėtė njeri tė vjetėr - tė quajtur gjithashtu Marko Shantoya - tė jenė tė gėzuar qė njė i huaj nga Shtetet e Bashkuara kishin njė interes nė familjen e tij. Por historianėt e tjerė dhe shkrimtarėt kishin gjetur tashmė rrugėn e tyre nė shtėpinė e tij, pėrveē kėsaj, ai nuk u ndihej mirė. Pavarėsisht nga kjo, ai me mirėsjellje e bėri disa udhėtime poshtė korridoreve tė drag nga objekte. Dy letra nga Edith Durham veten, njė pėr tė gjyshja e tij dhe njė "pėr tė cilin ajo mund tė bėjnė" rekomandimin e gjyshit tė tij si njė udhėrrėfyes dhe pėrkthyes. Njė portret nė vaj e gjyshit tė tij. Dhe mė tė mirė tė tė gjitha: njė bastun nė krye me njė dorezė fildishi qė pėrshkruan njė luan devouring njė gjarpėr. Ajo kishte qenė njė dhuratė nga Marko parė nė Durham, i cili u kthye atė nė familje si njė dhuratė e lindjes pėr kėtė Marko.

    "Gjyshi im ishte njė njeri ambicioz - ai e donte malet, dhe Thethi shumica e tė gjithė," tha ai, duke qeshur. "Unė gjithashtu e donte shkuar atje kur isha i ri."

    Pastaj buzėqeshja e tij i venitur. Ai dhe gjyshi i tij e pėrbashkėt mė shumė se padurim e tyre pėr ngjitje. Tė dy kishin njė pasion pėr politikėn qė ata tė shprehura nė formė tė shkruar, tė dy kishin qenė tė dėnuar mizorisht nga ana e autoriteteve. Marko parė ishte burgosur nga osmanėt, ky Marko kishte qenė burgosur nga komunistėt e Shqipėrisė, i cili kishte qėlluar edhe babai i tij, njė oficer nė ushtrinė e mbretit. Si ai i tha kjo histori, njė vals luajtur incongruously nga disa dhoma nė pjesėn e prapme tė shtėpisė. Ai vėrejti kokėn time tilting nė drejtim tė muzikės, dhe tha se tė gjithė familjes ishin muzikantė, si dhe gadflies politike. Marko parė ka luajtur nė violinė dhe flautit. Kjo Marko luajtur nė piano, por komunistėt konfiskuan piano e tij dhe instaluar atė nė njė shkollė.

    Ai dhe Angeline vazhdoi duke folur pėr njė kohė nė gjuhėn shqipe, tregime tregtare tė tė afėrmve tė burgosur apo persekutuar nga njė regjim apo njė tjetėr. Durham kishte shkruar se si burrat shqiptarė morėn gėzim nė tronditėse e saj me tė dhėnat e armiqėsive tė tyre tė gjakut, por unė veten nė qoftė se kujtimet e tyre kolektive tani ishin aq tė ngarkuar me histori e regjimet e tė ashpėr qė nuk ka mė edhe pretekstin e gėzim.

    Nė nga rruga jonė, e pyeta njeri i vjetėr, nėse unė mund tė marrė foto e tij. Ai shuddered. "I duket si njė fantazmė."

    •

    "Jeta nė Theth ishte e thithjes sė interesit", shkruan Durham. "Kam harruar tė gjitha nė lidhje me pjesėn tjetėr tė botės dhe nuk dukej asnjė arsye pse unė duhet tė kthehen kurrė." Fshati rreth saj buzzed me tregimet e gjakmarrjes dhe gratė qė ikin martesat e rregulluara. Ajo skicuar, shkroi, dhe u pėrpoqėn tė bindin fshatarėt se ajo nuk ishte motra e mbretit tė Anglisė, nė Shqipėri, si ata besuan, pėr tė ndihmuar tė lirė ata nga osmanėt.

    Theth kam gjetur duket tė jetė njė vend i qetėsisė absolut. Pas njė udhėtim katėr-orėshe nė tė gjithė fushat jashtė Shkodrės dhe pastaj mbi malet, Angeline, vėllai i tij Jon dhe unė mė nė fund mbėrriti nė shtėpinė e tyre - prej guri gri, si tė tjerėt ne kishte kaluar. Luginėn rreth nesh ishte e gjelbėr, pikėla me ngjyrat e rėnies afrohet. Male tė gjithė rreth nesh tendosur lart, shkeljen e lirė e florės dhe mbaron nė majat gur dhėmbėzuar. Leze e tyre nėnė doli tė mė pėrshėndetur, tė veshur nė stilin e malit qė kisha parė shpesh nė Shkodėr dhe do tė shihni kudo ne Theth: anė tė errėt, kokėn e saj mbuluar nga njė shall, me flokė tė lyer tė errėt tė endura intricately nė tė gjithė ballin e saj. Ajo menjėherė solli nga supė, bukė, dhe raki. Kam ngrėnė nė heshtje, duke dėgjuar kėrcėllimė kristaltė e lumit gati Shala.

    Pastaj Angeline dhe kam ecur nė Objekti mė tė famshme Thethi ėshtė: tė tre-katėshe lock-nė kullė, ose kulla, mbetja vetėm e njė stil arkitektonik qė dominuan fushėn kur Durham vizitoi. Ne u ngjit nė shkallė tė anulohet dru brenda nė katin e tretė dhe u rreshtuan me slits ne muret e gurta vetėm tė gjerė tė mjaftueshme pėr surrat e njė armė. Gjatė gjakmarrjen, burrat nga familja qė "borxh gjaku" - ata kishin vrarė njė mashkull nga njė familje tjetėr ose kryer disa shkelje tė tjera - kanė jetuar nė siguri nė kulla deri ose parities zgjidhur gjakmarrjes apo njė fis i pafat evened rezultatin me e tij vdekjen e vet. Poshtė, gratė priren tė lashtat dhe kafshėt dhe siguruar vazhdimėsinė e jetės nė familje. Shumica e kullave nė Shqipėri kanė qenė tė shkatėrruar nga qeveritė e tė etur pėr tė ērrėnjosur gjurmėt e kėsaj trashėgimie tė dhunshme. Por Thethi ėshtė pjesė e njė park kombėtar, dhe kjo kulla ėshtė ruajtur.

    kumbulla Jashtė, pronari aktual i kullave dhe gruaja e tij korrur tė verdhė pėr tė bėrė raki, ndėrsa dy burra tė shiquarat - njė burrė i pashėm e vjetėr me faqet e imėt me lustėr dhe njė njeri i ri me flokė tė tousled qė ngriti nė kėmishėn e tij pėr tė ajrit barkun e tij tė vėllimshėm. Angeline foli njerėzve pėr disa minuta, dhe ata tė gjithė u kthye dhe mė tha. "Ah, Edit Durham!" Ata diskutuan shtėpive tė ndryshme ku Durham ishte menduar tė ketė qėndruar nė fshat, duke pėrfshirė edhe shtėpinė e pronarit kulla-sė, vetėm rreth njė rritje me gurė. Ndėrsa ne u larguan, Angeline pyeti nėse kam kėrkuar pėr tė parė brenda shtėpisė. I hezituar nė porta si ai ecte brenda.

    "Unė mund tė shkojnė diku nė Theth," qeshi ai. "Ne jemi tė gjithė familjes. Unė mund gjurmė lineage di vetė pėrsėri 14 breza kėtu. "

    "Po nė lidhje me atė vajzė qė zėnė njė udhėtim nga maja e kodrės nė kishė me ne?" Pyeta, duke kujtuar njė shkallė tė caktuar tė flirt. "Ishte ajo familjare, shumė?"

    Ai nodded seriozisht. "Ne nuk martohen apo edhe vajzat data nga kėtu. Marrėdhėnia ėshtė shumė e afėrt. "

    Thethi mbahet izolimin e saj deri nė fund tė Perandorisė Osmane dhe madje, nė njė masė mė tė vogėl, gjatė epokės komuniste. Ndėrsa turizmi nė fshat ishte i lejuar pėr tė bindurit e partisė, kasolle roje nė rrugė brenda dhe jashtė Thethit mbajtur vetė tė lėnė pa njė arsye zyrtare. Tani qė kufizimet nė lėvizjen janė zhdukur, shumė njerėz kanė lėnė Thethi dhe fshatrat e tjera malore. Dimrat janė tė vėshtirė deri atje, dhe jeta moderne beckons nga qytetet. Qindra e mijėra kanė lėnė vendin si njė e tėrė nė dy dekadat e fundit qė kėrkojnė punė, dhe shumė njerėz tė rinj nga Thethi janė nė mesin e tyre. Thethi dikur kishte njė popullsi prej 2.000, Angeline tha, tani, vetėm njė pjesė tė vogėl tė familjeve tė qėndrojnė gjatė dimrit. Por njė rritje tė jashtmit tė interesuar nė male, waterfalls, dhe kafshė tė egra kanė sjellė tė holla dhe vitalitet mbrapa. Angeline vetė qėndruan larg nga fshati pėr vite me rradhė. Ai ėshtė duke e kaluar mė shumė kohė dhe mė shumė atje, jo vetėm pėr tė kėrkuar disa nga ato euro turizmit, por pėr shkak se ai ėshtė zhvilluar njė nderim Durham-si pėr fshatin.

    Angeline dhe kam ecur pėrgjatė shtretėrve mėngė tė thata dhe tė rrugėve tė poshtėr rreth fushat qė shėrbejnė si rrugė fshati. Nė varrezat e fshatit, ai vuri nė dukje se si komunistėt kishin thyer tė gjitha guri kalon dhe si fshatarėt kanė shtuar tė reja prej druri. Ne humbur mbi tė njė ujėvarė dhe gėrmoj pranė arkeologjike, feasted pastaj nė dardhė mėkatarin dhe pemė qershie. Ne ēuan drejt rrugės pėr Nderlysa aty pranė, njė fshat i braktisur pothuajse e shtėpive tė gurit tė bukur nė brigjet e lumit, dhe ka ndihmuar veten me rrushin nė vreshtat e braktisur. Nė anėn tjetėr tė Thethit, ne kemi kaluar njė orė duke folur me njė bareshė guximshėm shtatėdhjetėvjeēar qė tė kontrolluara si kopenė e saj dhe qentė e saj duke zgjatur vetėm me pak fjalė i ashpėr.

    Nė mėngjes, unė shkova pėr tė parė Leze bėrė bukė nė njė furrė druri dhe e gjeti kuzhinė e saj e mbushur me gra tė fshatit. "Hello, nice to meet you, thank you very much, ju jeni tė mirėpritur!" Njėri prej tyre bėrtiti, atėherė ata tė gjithė clapped mua mbi supet mirthfully. Gruaja ishte nė rrugėn e saj nė mulli misri poshtė nga lumi, qė Angeline dhe Jon ndėrtuar disa vite mė parė. Ajo nuk ishte duke punuar, dhe ajo kishte rekrutuar Jon dhe tre studentėt gjermanė duke qėndruar nė njė shtėpi pėr mysafirė tė rregullohet. "Ajo ka njė burrė dembel," shpjegoi Jon Angeline ėshtė vėllai.

    Burri dembel doli tė jetė njeri i cili kishte qenė i transmetoi barkun e tij nė kulla. Ai dhe Jon dhe studentėt gjermanė scraped rėrė nga fund tė kanalit qė shmangen me ujė nė mulli misri dhe shtoi gurė nė anėt e saj, tė gjitha nė njė pėrpjekje pėr tė bėrė rrjedhjen e ujit tė fortė nė mulli. Kjo pėrpjekje u kthye nė njė luftė tė ujit, duke e lėnė gruan dhe ēantėn e saj tė lagėsht misri - dhe duke lejuar qė burri tė lodhur pėr t'i pjell para kohe larg para se puna u krye. Jeta nė Theth ishte ende e thithjen e interesit.

    Nė ditėn time tė fundit, Jon mori mua pėr tė vizituar njė nga pleqtė e fshatit, njė njeri i cili e bėri instrumentet e tij muzikore dhe i pėlqente tė argėtojė vizitorėt me kėngė. Njė mbesa thye jashtė pėr ta gjetur atė dhe njė tjetėr raki solli si Jon dhe kam vendosur nė njė tavolinė metal. Nė pak minuta, njė fqinj i hipi mbi mbi njė kalė, parkuar atė pranė njė gur, dhe hyri nė shtėpi. I pyetur Jon nėse fqinji ka jetuar nė shtėpi guri gjobė direkt pas nesh.

    "Jo, ata njerėz janė tė zhdukur," tha ai. "Nuk ėshtė njė gjakmarrje mes tyre dhe ky njeri, i cili luan Lahuta. Ata kishin tė largohen. "

    Era frynė nė mėnyrė tė ashpėr qė ne u sulmuan me dardha e vėshtirė e gjelbėr, njėra prej tė cilave impaled vetė nė gotė Jon e raki. "Gjakmarrja?" Pėrsėritura unė. Unė kisha filluar tė mendojnė se duke i kėrkuar Angeline dhe Jon rreth gjakmarrjes ishte si budalla si dikush kėrkuar mua, nėse vagonėt Conestoga ende kaluan rrafshin e Amerikės.

    "Dy djem tė rinj luftuan dhe u vra njė, atėherė familja e tjerė mori hakun," shpjegoi Jon. "Tani ka dy tė vdekur nė ēdo anė. bijtė Ky njeri nuk janė tė sigurt, nė mėnyrė qė ata tė jetojnė nė Itali. "

    Pastaj, njeriu arriti. Shpatullgjerė dhe i ngritur, veshur me njė kėmishė tė bardhė tė shkėlqyer dhe pantofla banje marinės, ai bėri thirrje pėr instrumentet e tij. Njė mbesa solli njė instrument tė gjatė-trajtuar plus njė tjetėr formė si njė tigan tė madh. Tė tjera tė kryera nga njė lėkurė dhie me kokė dhe brirėt e bashkangjitur dhe hidhet atė nė shkallėt e gurta tė shtėpisė. Njeri i vendosur nė lėkurė si njė mbret tė lashtė dhe kėndoi dy kėngė tė gjatė i trishtuar, tė dy rreth miseries tė jetės gjatė sundimit osman. Kur ai mbaroi, ai foli pėr disa minuta. "Ai ka jetuar ne Theth gjithė jetėn e tij," e pėrkthyer Jon. "Njerėzit kanė qenė shumė afėr kėtu. Ju do tė vrasė njė derr, dhe tė gjithė do tė vijnė pėr tė ngrėnė. Tani, njerėzit janė mė tė arsimuar dhe ata duan tė marrin pjesė nė tė gjithė botėn. Por ende, ne tė kujdeset pėr mysafirėt tanė. "

    Ai nuk ka dashur tė flasin pėr gjakmarrjen, nė ditėt e njerėzve tė ulur rreth shkėmbejnė tregime e gjėra tė tilla dhe lėvdatė e tyre pėr tė njė i huaj si Durham duket tė jetė e gjatė. Ne sė shpejti la shtėpinė e vjetėr e njeriut. Por si kam bėrė rrugėn e mia nė Shkodėr dhe pastaj nė njė dredha-dredha, improvizuara udhėtim pėrsėri nė Tiranė, kam menduar shpesh pėr kombinim qė tė dhunės dhe mirėsjellje. Njerėzit ishin tepėr mikpritės pėr mua nė Shqipėri. Panjohur me tė cilėt kam ndarė njė makinė tė kthehet nė Shkodėr mė ftoi pėr tė qėndruar nė shtėpinė e tyre. Kur unė peeked nė dritare nė njė dasmė nė Bajram Curri, njė qytet i vogėl nė verilindje, babai i nuses mė ftoi brenda, sė shpejti kamerierė mė solli platters e qengji dhe patate. Old men ulur nė diell dusted off karrige dhe mė ofroi kafe apo raki. Dhe unė ndiheshin tė sigurtė aty, madje edhe mė tė sigurt se unė bėj nė lagjen time nė Cleveland. Por unė gjithashtu mėsuan se gjakmarrjes kanė dalur nė sipėrfaqe qė nga fundi i regjimit komunist. Si mal njerėzit kėrkojnė punė dhe njė jetė mė tė lehtė nė qytetet, ata sjellin kėto mėnyra tė dhunshme tė vjetra me ta.

    "Kanuni i Lekė Dukagjinit ėshtė e bukur nė kohėn e vet," u ankua njė grua e re e Shkodran pėr mua njė natė mbi verė dhe darkė. "Kjo ishte njė pėrpjekje pėr tė vendosin rregull nė njė shoqėri qė nuk kishte ligje. Por pse jemi ende duke folur pėr atė nė 2009? "

    Por ajo ishte ai qė solli atė, qė nga Shkodra ka disa vrasjeve pėr gjakmarrje, ēdo vit.

    Nė fundjavėn e mia tė fundit nė Shqipėri, unė u takua me njė njeri unė do tė qenė emailing me muaj nė lidhje me kėtė udhėtim. Elvis Kotherja drejton njė kompani e turizmit tė bazuar nė Elbasoni, nė jug tė Tiranės. Ai ėshtė njė tifoz Durham Edith. Disa vjet mė parė, ai i dėrgoi njė letėr kryeministrit duke sugjeruar se njė aeroport rajonal tė emėrohet pėr tė. Si Elvis mori me jashtė pėr njė sy tė fundit nė Tiranė, ne kope pėrgjatė lumit qė kalon nėpėr mes tė qytetit. Ai mė tha se e lumit pėrdoret pėr tė mbuluar me ndėrtesa tė ngut ngritur pas rėnies sė komunizmit - njė makth arkitektonike dhe zonimi - dhe se kryetari i bashkisė kishte grisur ato tė gjitha poshtė brenda disa viteve tė fundit.

    "Tė gjithė pėrveē se njė," tha ai, duke treguar njė ndėrtesė tre-katėshe trėndafili. "Njerėzit qė jetojnė atje janė tė pėrfshirė nė njė gjakmarrje. Ata janė tė frikėsuar pėr tė dalė, kėshtu qė kryetari i komunės nuk mund tė shemb ndėrtesa. "

    "A mund tė flisni me ta?"

    Ai me mirėsjellje rrethuar makinėn pėrreth dhe trokiti nė njė derė metalike tė ndryshkura nė pjesėn e pėrparme tė ndėrtesės. Dikush i foli atij nga ana tjetėr e derės. "Ata janė tė frikėsuar shumė pėr tė dalė", njoftoi ai. "Ata thonė se nuk janė vetėm gra dhe fėmijė dhe njė burrė i vjetėr qė jetojnė atje."

    Njė burrė na shikuar nga njė zyrė e sigurimit nėpėr rrugė, kėshtu Elvis dhe unė shmangur trafikun e pėr tė pyetur nėse ai e dinte historinė e ndėrtimit tė kuq. Ajo doli tė jetė njė histori edhe mė tė trishtė se ajo e Elvis parė mė tha se - ndoshta afėrsinė time pėr vrasje aq fuqishėm tė ndjekura jo, ndėrmjetėsuar nėpėrmjet faqeve tė narrative Durhamit, e bėri atė veēanėrisht kėshtu. Meshkujt nė se familja e kishte tashmė janė vrarė, njeri i tha, kjo familje u ka borxh gjakun. Por nėnat ishin tė frikėsuar qė tė lėnė bijtė e tyre pėr shkak se ata nuk ishin tė sigurt nė familje tė tjera siē kuptohet Kanuni. Ata kishin frikė tė familjes tjetėr vetėm do tė vazhdojmė tė vrarė. • 2 mars 2011
    We are the part of the Cosmos that discovered and understands its unfolding story

  7. #7
    i/e regjistruar
    Anėtarėsuar
    21-10-2009
    Postime
    461
    EDITH DURHAM ASHTE NJI ZOJE QE PUNOJE VETEM PER SLLAVET.DHE HONGER ME DY LUGE;SHUME TE KEQIJA FOLI PER SHQIPETAR;;JO SHUM;MIREPO ATO KU ISHIN THELBET;E SHKATRIMIT TE POPULLIT SHQIPETAR.NJI ANE TREGON BIE FJALA NE GRAQANICA;TE KOSOVES;THOTE SE KETU BANOJNE SERBET KOLONISTA NE ZADRUGA;KURSE PER NJEREZIT ME VESHJE KOMBETARE ME PLIS ME TIRQI ;ME GAJTANA THOT QE JANE MALAZEZ.KJO HONGRI ME DY LUG,Sa QE KUR VDIQ NUKE ISHTE MO NE VEHTE,NE FUNDE GJENDJA PSIQIKE E ARIJTI KULMINACIONIN;DHE KREJT RRENA QE SHKROVI KUNDER SHQIPETAREVE JU KTHYEN NE KRYE;PSIQIKISHT TE VERTETAT;DHE DUEL NE RRUGE ME BA PROTESTA;KUNDER FUQIVE TE MEDHA NE QASHTJEN E SHQIPERIS.MIREPO ISHTE VONE.INFORMATAT QE KISHTE DHANUN PER POPULLATEN SHQIPETARE;ISHIN PERFUNDUE;PRANDAJ KJO NE SHUMICEN E RASTEVE NJIHET AS NATON ASE NE KITONIREPO MA SHUM I DHAKAJE FES KRISTIANE SE SA MUSLIMANE:PRANDEJ TE GJITHA SHPERNGULJET JANE PJES E PUNIMIT TE SAJ .NJASHTU E BUKURESHTIT;DHE BERLINIT,DHE NE FUND TE LONDRES.

  8. #8
    Mirė se vini nė Harlan Maska e FreeByrd
    Anėtarėsuar
    05-02-2011
    Vendndodhja
    Tennessee
    Postime
    1,023
    Citim Postuar mė parė nga kutje Lexo Postimin
    EDITH DURHAM ASHTE NJI ZOJE QE PUNOJE VETEM PER SLLAVET.DHE HONGER ME DY LUGE;SHUME TE KEQIJA FOLI PER SHQIPETAR;;JO SHUM;MIREPO ATO KU ISHIN THELBET;E SHKATRIMIT TE POPULLIT SHQIPETAR.NJI ANE TREGON BIE FJALA NE GRAQANICA;TE KOSOVES;THOTE SE KETU BANOJNE SERBET KOLONISTA NE ZADRUGA;KURSE PER NJEREZIT ME VESHJE KOMBETARE ME PLIS ME TIRQI ;ME GAJTANA THOT QE JANE MALAZEZ.KJO HONGRI ME DY LUG,Sa QE KUR VDIQ NUKE ISHTE MO NE VEHTE,NE FUNDE GJENDJA PSIQIKE E ARIJTI KULMINACIONIN;DHE KREJT RRENA QE SHKROVI KUNDER SHQIPETAREVE JU KTHYEN NE KRYE;PSIQIKISHT TE VERTETAT;DHE DUEL NE RRUGE ME BA PROTESTA;KUNDER FUQIVE TE MEDHA NE QASHTJEN E SHQIPERIS.MIREPO ISHTE VONE.INFORMATAT QE KISHTE DHANUN PER POPULLATEN SHQIPETARE;ISHIN PERFUNDUE;PRANDAJ KJO NE SHUMICEN E RASTEVE NJIHET AS NATON ASE NE KITONIREPO MA SHUM I DHAKAJE FES KRISTIANE SE SA MUSLIMANE:PRANDEJ TE GJITHA SHPERNGULJET JANE PJES E PUNIMIT TE SAJ .NJASHTU E BUKURESHTIT;DHE BERLINIT,DHE NE FUND TE LONDRES.
    I wish I could reply but Google Translate took your words and turned them into hamburger meat.
    ________________________________________________

    dėshirė mund tė pėrgjigjem, por Google Translate mori fjalėt e tua dhe i ktheu ata nė mish hamburger ...
    We are the part of the Cosmos that discovered and understands its unfolding story

  9. #9
    i/e regjistruar
    Anėtarėsuar
    21-10-2009
    Postime
    461
    Citim Postuar mė parė nga FreeByrd Lexo Postimin
    I wish I could reply but Google Translate took your words and turned them into hamburger meat.
    ________________________________________________

    dėshirė mund tė pėrgjigjem, por Google Translate mori fjalėt e tua dhe i ktheu ata nė mish hamburger ...
    Ma MIRE TE KISHE SHKRUE NE GJUHEN SLLAVE,SE GJUHEN TANDE NUKE PO E KUPETOJE.SHKRUEJ NE GJUHEN TANDE SLLAVE.

  10. #10
    fanatik i sė vėrtetės Maska e tomaras
    Anėtarėsuar
    09-07-2008
    Postime
    343
    Citim Postuar mė parė nga kutje Lexo Postimin
    EDITH DURHAM ASHTE NJI ZOJE QE PUNOJE VETEM PER SLLAVET.DHE HONGER ME DY LUGE;SHUME TE KEQIJA FOLI PER SHQIPETAR;;JO SHUM;MIREPO ATO KU ISHIN THELBET;E SHKATRIMIT TE POPULLIT SHQIPETAR.NJI ANE TREGON BIE FJALA NE GRAQANICA;TE KOSOVES;THOTE SE KETU BANOJNE SERBET KOLONISTA NE ZADRUGA;KURSE PER NJEREZIT ME VESHJE KOMBETARE ME PLIS ME TIRQI ;ME GAJTANA THOT QE JANE MALAZEZ.KJO HONGRI ME DY LUG,Sa QE KUR VDIQ NUKE ISHTE MO NE VEHTE,NE FUNDE GJENDJA PSIQIKE E ARIJTI KULMINACIONIN;DHE KREJT RRENA QE SHKROVI KUNDER SHQIPETAREVE JU KTHYEN NE KRYE;PSIQIKISHT TE VERTETAT;DHE DUEL NE RRUGE ME BA PROTESTA;KUNDER FUQIVE TE MEDHA NE QASHTJEN E SHQIPERIS.MIREPO ISHTE VONE.INFORMATAT QE KISHTE DHANUN PER POPULLATEN SHQIPETARE;ISHIN PERFUNDUE;PRANDAJ KJO NE SHUMICEN E RASTEVE NJIHET AS NATON ASE NE KITONIREPO MA SHUM I DHAKAJE FES KRISTIANE SE SA MUSLIMANE:PRANDEJ TE GJITHA SHPERNGULJET JANE PJES E PUNIMIT TE SAJ .NJASHTU E BUKURESHTIT;DHE BERLINIT,DHE NE FUND TE LONDRES.
    Jo rrallė bėn vakķ qė tė takojmė nė jetė mendje tė tilla qė nga "qėllime tė larta patriotike" ua "ngulin thikėn" miqve tė vėrtetė tė kombit tė vet duke ēuar ujė nė mulli tė hasmit! Pėr tė tillėt mė vjen gjynah qė kanė pasur fatin tė mėsojnė shkrim-lexim. Do tė ishte shumė mė shėndetshėm pėr patriotizmin e tyre po tė ishin privuar nga kjo dhunti qė nuk ju hyn nė punė pėr mbarė!
    "It is a miracle that curiosity survives formal education."
    Albert Einstein

Faqja 0 prej 6 FillimFillim 12 ... FunditFundit

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  • Ju nuk mund tė hapni tema tė reja.
  • Ju nuk mund tė postoni nė tema.
  • Ju nuk mund tė bashkėngjitni skedarė.
  • Ju nuk mund tė ndryshoni postimet tuaja.
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