*LinuxCBT** Scripting Edition* is a unique approach to teaching *GNU/Linux Scripting* skills.
*Serious* Linux IT-professionals are expected to have a command of various scripting environments for administrative purposes.
It consists of *4* LinuxCBT Scripting *Products*: *BASH*, *Perl*, *Python* & *PHP*.
*Bourne Again Shell (BASH) Scripting - Disc 1*
* *Introduction to BASH Command Line Interface (CLI)*
o Identify BASH installation & key configuration files on RedHat & Debian GNU/Linux distros
+ .profile/.bash_profile/.bashrc/.bash_history
o Identify & use common built-in BASH commands (pwd,cd,set,unset,export,source,etc.)
o BASH Command-line Expansion
+ Brace Expansion
+ Tilde Expansion
+ Parameter & variable Expansion
+ Command Substitution
o BASH Reserved words
o BASH History identification & configuration
o Aliases (ls,du,df,rm,cp)
o Backticks - command expansion & execution
o BASH Prompt configuration
o Command chaining
o Error level/Return code (Command Exit Status) identification
+ Test return 0
+ Test return 126 - permissions
+ Test return 127 - command not found
o Conditional execution of subsequent commands (&&,||)
* *Redirection*
o Standard Input
+ Direct input from Standard Input
+ Redirect input from a file
o Standard Output
+ Direct output to Standard Output
+ Redirect output to a file
+ Append Standard Output to an existing file
o Standard Error
+ Redirect Standard Error
o Input/Output (I/O) Redirection
+ Pipes
+ Sequential execution via pipes
o Quoting & Escaping
+ single quotes preserves whitespace, double quotes don't
+ Full-quoting - single quotes - all enclosed values are literal
+ Partial quoting - double quotes - all enclosed values are literal except "$, \, `"
+ *\* is the escape character used to treat following strings literally
* *BASH Scripting*
o Basic Script definition (hello world), permissions modification & execution
o Internal BASH variables
o Global Variable definition
o Function definition
o Local Variable definition - function scope
o BASH Arrays
o *Loops*
+ For
+ While
+ Until
o Menu creation using Select
o Job control - Foreground/Background processing
o *Conditionals* - *If-Then-Else - *Testing
o Case - Concise Conditional Branching
o Positional Parameters
* *BASH Script Definition*
o Create BASH script to *move multiple files* to new names defined by positional parameters
o Create script to monitor directory for *file changes* and report the differences via E-mail to Administrator
o Create script to *monitor directory* size and report *threshold encroachment* to Administrator via E-mail
o Define script to *parse logs* for keywords and notify the Administrator via E-mail
o Create script to monitor *network connectivity* between hosts and report outages to Admin via E-mail
o Define script to *monitor process*, restart if fails, and E-mail Administrator at defineable limits
o Create script to *backup* sub-directories using Tar & Gzip,define threshold, and SSH file to remote host
o *Log* the output of BASH scripts to a Syslog-like format
* *Practical Extraction & Reporting Language (Perl) - Disc 2*
o *Basics*
+ Discuss Perl's capabilities
+ Identify available Perl binaries on the system
+ Discuss Perldoc - documentation program
+ Discuss Perl interpreter
+ Define first Perl program - Hello World
+ Explain the application of the SHEBANG header within Perl scripts
+ Explain *warnings* options
+ Explain *strict options*
+ Discuss compilation of Perl scripts and compare and contrast with shell scripts
+ *Comments*
+ Print function
+ Escape sequences including (\t, \n, etc.)
+ Explain quoting rules and variable interpolation
+ Variable definition
+ Operators
o *Perl Variables*
+ Variable scopes (Global/Local)
+ *Scalars - single values*
# Discuss the properties of scalar variables
# Evaluate the definition of scalars
# Variable concatenation
+ *Arrays - lists & lists of lists*
# Discuss the properties of array variables
# Evaluate the definition of arrays
# Multi-dimensional arrays
# Array slices
# Array functions
# Ranges
+ *Hashes - Key/Value pairs*
# Discuss the properties of hashes
# Evaluate the definition of hashes
o *Control Structures*
+ Discuss various types of Subroutines and features
+ Define non-returning sub-routines
+ Define returning sub-routine
+ Conditionals
+ If - integer and string comparisons
+ Else/elsif testing
+ Unless
+ For Loops
+ Foreach Loops - Array iteration
+ While Loops
+ Until Loops
o *General Perl Information I*
+ Block Definition
+ Use the *X Functions* for file system testing
+ Positional parameters - *ARGV*
+ Determine number of command line arguments
+ Record Separators
+ Internal Perl Variables
+ Modules
+ Explore the module path and applicable variables
+ Discuss various ways to install Perl modules
+ Install modules
+ File I/O
+ File Handles
+ Open Function
+ Discuss rules regarding file handles and use of the open function
+ Assign file handles to Perl arrays for iteration
+ Process text files using applicable file I/O functions and foreach loops
+ Generate data files using file I/O functions
+ Die function
+ Error handing with Perl's built-in variables
+ Count records from input file
+ Use the Split function to separate fields based on various delimiters
+ Use Join to assemble lists
o *General Perl Information II*
+ References
+ Chomp - strip superfluous characters
+ Command substitution
+ Use execute function to launch external programs
+ Use system function to execute external commands and evaluate return status
+ Regular Expressions discussion
+ Demonstrate the many rules of Regular Expressions
+ Process arrays using push/pop functions
+ Generated data files and process them using split and field determination
+ Mail integration using Sendmail
+ Mail integration using downloaded Perl mail module
+ Define and execute Perl one-liners
+ Common Gateway Interface (CGI) - Apache 2.x integration
+ Process GET & POST variables
+ MySQL Database integration
+ Identify required modules for MySQL integration
+ Define connection object
+ Execute SELECT queries
+ Execute INSERT queries
+ Execute UPDATE queries
+ Execute DELETE queries
* *Python - Object Oriented Linux Scripting Environment - Disc 3*
o *Basics*
+ Discuss Python's capabilities & features
+ Identify location of pre-installed Python 2.3x
+ Discuss Python's Interactive interface
+ Use the interactive interface to ouput basic expressions
+ Hello World
+ Identify reserved keywords
+ Escape sequences & escape character exploration
+ Define Python script using Linux SHEBANG header
+ Execute Python scripts using the Python interpreter directly
+ Discuss *data types* including strings, integers, lists, tuples, dictionaries, etc.
+ Define standard variable types
+ Use the print function to examine ouput of variables and expressions
+ Use the *type function* to resolve data type
+ Use the *id function* to expose the memory location of the stored variable
+ Explain and define *references* and integrate with the id function
+ Comments definition
+ Perform basic arithmetic to illustrate the PEMDAS order of operations and examine how to alter it
o *General Python Information I*
+ Explain and illustrate STDIN usage
+ Examine the input function
+ Examine the raw_input function
+ Compare and contrast between input and raw_input functions
+ Define small script to make use of input/raw_input and basic math functions
+ Python Function concepts, applications and definition
o *String Manipulation*
+ Define and ascertain the length of strings
+ *String extraction* using list elements and list slicing
+ Discuss immutable and mutable data types
+ Loop through string slices using for loops
+ Compare strings using string operators
+ Discuss Python's object-oriented nature of various modules including classes and methods
+ Import *strings* module
+ Convert strings to upper and lower case using strings module methods
+ *Split* strings into lists
+ *Join* lists into strings
o *List Manipulation*
+ Define lists
+ Discuss and Define tuples
+ Compare and contrast lists and tuples
+ Reverse lists
+ Append lists
+ Extend lists
+ Nest lists
+ Define multi-dimensional lists
+ *Stack* Lists using Last In First Out (*LIFO*) using the pop function
+ Define First In First Out (*FIFO*) lists to emulate queueing using the pop function
+ Insert values into various positions of the list
+ Use *ranges* to generate integers
+ Lists with Integers
+ Lists with Strings
+ Emulate standard UNIX Syslog *logfile* format using Lists
+ Parse emulated logfile format using the *Split* function
+ Recap list manipulation using integers, strings and various list methods
+ Explain and define Dictionaries - key/value pairs similar to Hashes in Perl
o *Control Structures*
+ IF - Defintion and usage
+ Discuss the importance of *indentation*
+ Else/Elif - comparisons against integers and strings
+ Comparison negation
+ Write script to perform conditional testing
+ Import sys module to evaluate *positional parameters *using* ARGV*
+ Define script which requires minimum number of command-line arguments
+ Nest multiple if/elif statements to match logic
+ Explain how for loops work in Python
+ *for loops* definition and usage
+ Iterate through lists of strings using for loops
+ Integrate for loops with string manipulation functions and log file parsing
+ Define and use *While loops*
+ Define and examine the consequences of incorrect logic with an *infinite while loop*
+ Integrate while loop with raw_input function to obtain data from the end-user
+ Discuss file handle concepts and applications
+ Use control structures to generate output for use in File I/O exercises
+ Use the open function to read a file into a file handle
+ Iterate through the lines within the opened file using *readline** functions*, etc.
+ Open file handles for writing
+ Open multiple file handles
+ Write strings to files using string *formatting options *and variable substitution
+ Parse source file by extracting columns to be stored in destination file
+ *Regular Expressions*
+ Discuss Regular Expressions
+ Import Regular Expressions module (re) for usage
+ Implement Regular Expressions (REs)
+ Regular Expressions Matching of strings and variables
+ REGEX Repeaters
+ Integrate Regular Expressions with text file processing
+ Exception Handling
+ Try & Except
+ *Modules*
+ Identification of default Python modules
+ Import modules (sys, os, etc.) for usage
+ Use the *dir function* to ascertain the classes and methods available within modules
+ Use the *SHUTIL* module for advanced, high-level File I/O (Copy, Move, etc.)
+ Python - Syslog integration
+ Define script using the Syslog module to log to syslog
+ *Common Gateway Interface*
+ CGI Discussion and applications
+ Implement Python CGI with Apache 2.x
+ Evaluate results of CGI integration
+ Globbing
* *PHP - Hyper Text Pre-Processor - Dynamic Web Applications & CLI - Disc 4*
* *Installation*
o Identify Online PHP resources
o Download the latest *version* (*5.x*) of PHP
o Identify Apache prerequisite packages and programs - Modular support (*mod.so*)
o Extract, compile and *install PHP with Apache* modular support
o Compile and install PHP with Command Line Interface (CLI) support
o Identify key PHP configuration files & directories
o Configure Apache httpd.conf with PHP integration to provide PHP support
o Configure Apache with PHP binary and source support
* *Basics*
o Explain PHP-supported long/short/ASP *parse-tags* & identify configuration changes in php.ini
o Hello World script output using echo to the web browser
o Describe the various *comments* supported by PHP
o Examine the ouput of PHP-maintained variables using phpinfo()
o Explain supported data types via variables (integers,strings, floating points, here documents, arrays, etc.)
o Test instantiation of supported variables with default types
o Explain Quoting rules and *variable interpolation*
o Demonstrate *escaped sequences* such as tab, new lines,spaces, etc.
o Exercise the echo command
o Define basic associated arrays (i.e. hashes/dictionaries)
o Define nested associative arrays
* *General Information*
o Examine key CGI PHP-server variables
+ HTTP_USER_AGENT
+ PHP_SELF
+ REQUEST_METHOD
+ DOCUMENT_ROOT
+ REMOTE_ADDR
+ HTTP_REFERRER
o Explore HTTP *GET* Request Methods via the URLString and Forms
o Explore HTTP *POST* Request Methods via the URLString and Forms
o NULL Variables
o Basic Math - PEMDAS
o Integer and String *Comparison Operators*
o Examine *execution operators* for executing Linux Shell commands and obtaining the ouput
o Variable assignment via execution operations
o Illustrate the usage of *nested arrays*
* *Control Structures*
o *IF* - comparisons against integers and strings
o Else/Elseif - comparisons against integers and strings
o Test whether variables are of the same type
o Comparison negation
o C-stlye *for loops* definition and usage
o *Generate HTML* option boxes using C-style for loops
o *foreach* list iterator loop definition and usage
o Generate HTML based on the contents of the list iterated by foreach
o *While* loops definition and usage
o Examine filesystem listings using execution operators and while loops
o *do* While definition and usage
o Break
o Continue
o Switch - for concise if/elseif conditional examination
* *General Information II*
o Discuss the applications of Server Side Includes (*SSI*)
o Server Side Includes using require
o Server Side Includes using include
o Explain and examine the differences between *require and include*
o Demonstrate distributed include applications by including content using HTTP
o Header, leftnav, body, and footer definition and integration with require/include
o *HTML Form defintion* using include and control structures
o PHP Functions definition and sample usage
o ISSET & UNSET for examining and controlling variables
o Discuss the way PHP handles uploaded files
o Identify key configuration files which affect uploaded files
o *HTTP File I/O* - uploads & processing via HTML forms
o Define back-end action pages to handle HTTP file uploads
o Examine available file attributes of HTTP-uploaded files
o PHP *SMTP E-mail integration* discussion
o Define scripts to process forms and generate SMTP-based e-mail
o Examine PHP Mail function options
o Use *mutt* on the Linux system to examine PHP-generated SMTP-based e-mail
* *PHP - Dynamic Web Programming*
o PHP *cookie* concepts & usage discussion
o *Cookie definition* and examination on server and client system (Mozilla Firefox)
o Set and unset cookies on client system
o Make decisions based on the existence of cookies on the client system
o *Session Variables* concepts & usage discussion
o Identify pertinent configuration options for session variables
o Define session variables
o Integrate cookies with session variables
o Download MySQL RDBMS packages for usage with PHP
o Install *MySQL* RDBMS for usage with PHP
o Download the latest phpMyAdmin for installation
o Install *phpMyAdmin* with Apache supportfor web-based administration of MySQL RDBMS
o Recompile PHP for *MySQL** RDBMS* support
o Update PHP configuration information to support MySQL
o Define basic database structure for usage
o Structured Query Language (SQL) integration with PHP
o Explain steps for connecting PHP scripts to MySQL
o Define and execute SELECT queries
o Define and execute INSERT queries
o Define and execute UPDATE queries
o Define and execute DELETE queries
o Forms Processing with MySQL integration
o Forms with Cookies
o Forms with Session Variables
* *PHP - Command Line Interface (CLI)*
o Discuss concepts and applications
o Identify CLI binary
o Discuss the possible ways of executing PHP scripts from the CLI
o Define and execute PHP one-liners
o Execute scripts using PHP binary as a prefix
o Explore executing PHP via the Interpreter mode
o PHP-Linux SHEBANG definition and usage
o Execute basic commands
o CLI - File I/O usage - Stat files
o Examine file attributes
o Determine access and modification times and make decisions using control structures
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