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  1. #291
    i/e regjistruar Maska e tare bakiri
    Anėtarėsuar
    21-08-2008
    Postime
    35
    e gjeta etimologjine e emrit pellazg .
    qe te na behet dhe qefi ne shqiptareve .
    pjelle azgane-- pellazgan-- pellazg
    mos u lodhni me se u gjet zgjidhja .
    Lume Shqiperia qe na ka ....

  2. #292
    i/e regjistruar
    Anėtarėsuar
    30-01-2009
    Postime
    280
    Jeni nje nga forumet me te mira, pse e bastardoni dhe ofendoni njeri tjetrin, jepni argumentet tuaja dhe cdo njeri kush me pak e kush me shume ndihmon ne temat mjaft te goditura qe keni hapur.

  3. #293
    i/e regjistruar Maska e Le Chiffre
    Anėtarėsuar
    30-05-2008
    Postime
    65
    Tema e Pellazgeve eshte nje teme shume e brishte. Sido qe ne te perdredhim dhe perkulim ate ngelet nje pyetje e madhe: - Ku jane librat ORIGJINALE te lashte te Homerit dhe "Grekerve" te lashte? Ju siguaroj une qe ato nuk "ekzistojne" me! Dhe e dini pse? Sepse ato u perkthyen ne gjuhen e "bukur" te Re Greke! - Gjithkush nga ju do te me "hidhet ne gryke" tani e do me thite, po cfar flet ky? Ceshte kjo gjuhe e bukur e Re Greke? Po a ka gjuhe me te bukur se gjuha me te cilen kane shkryar Homeri, Herodoti...e te gjithe filozofet e lashte?
    - He, kjo eshte ceshtja, ju nuk duihet te ma beni mua kete pyetje, se po te zgjidhej kjo, do te ishte zgjidhur lehte edhe enigma e madhe: - Homeri dhe filozofet e lashte shkruajten VETEM ne Pellazgjisht! Po ka ekzistuar Pellazgjishtja e shkruar. Ajo eshte gjendur ne nje nga bibliotekat me te lashta ne bote (e vetmja me e lashte dhe me e vjeter se biblioteka e Aleksandrise). Nje profesor i universitetit te Kazakistanit ka gjetur kete pergamen, ku poshte shkrimeve Greke jane gjetur herioglifet e gjuhes Pellazge.
    Ketu eshte spjegimi im....
    - Greket (por jo Helenet) nuk jane asgje me shume se populli Armen-i cili njihet per traditen e tij shetitese si arixhinjte, te cilet kishin shpikur gjuhen e tyre te shkruajtur, fene e tyre te cilat ishin te dyja SLLAVE. Ato erdhen dhe u nguliten ne trojet Pellazge ku punuan si sekretare dhe ne punet publike. KEto ishin njerez qe terhoqen prifterinjte e tyre, ndertuan kultet e tyre, pasi vete Pellazget ishin popull liberal...Ketu Armenet gjeten terren qe te merrnin avash avash edhe udheheqen ne konsujt/kuvendet e principatave...prifterinjte e tyre pregatiten Gjuhen e Re, dhe ne pergjithesi pregatiten tere terrenin qe te ndertonin edhe "Kombin e Ri Grek", i cili u mbeshtet fuqishem nga administrata publike e cila udhehiqej nga Armenet e dalluar tashme ne administgrim, dhe keshtu u shpik kjo e ashtuquajtur "Gjuhe e Re Greke", e cila me nje qrkore te vecante e quante herezi cdo shkrim ne Pellazgjisht.
    Nuk ka as sot Greke/Helene te lashte, nuk ekzistojne. Shikoni pronesine mbi token ne Greqi. Ajo ne mbi 78% u takon Arvanitasve-Pellazgeve,pra tregon se kjo toke u perket Pellazgeve/Ilireve/Arberve... Kombi Grek eshte pa baze dhe nuk mbart asnje nga historite e lashta, ato nuk i takojne Grekerve, por Heleneve, qe nuk ishin asgje me shume se Pellazge te vendosur ne kete vend qe quhej Helen. Ne fakt ne duhet ti referohem studiusve Gjermane, qe jane nga me te avancuarit ne prejardhjen e rracave. Ato ngulmojne se Pellazget kane jetuar ne tokat nga Spanja deri ne kufi me Turqine Veri-jug dhe me Rumanine (Romania) dhe me Bullgarine. Pra Pellazget jane nje popull shume i gjere. Diuhet se Romaket vete jane Pellazge. Ato kur erdhen te pushtojne Bizantin, ndaluan ne brigjet e Adriatikut dhe ushtrite u rreshtuan perballe per lufte. Romaket dhane urdher - Perpara, po keshtu bene edhe Pellazget e ketej detit. Ushtrite u ndalen perballe nga kjo habi dhe gjeneralet u takuan dhe filluan te flisnin te njejten gjuhe...cuditerisht e njejte...
    Edhe diskutimi i ketueshem mnbi Angline, dihet mjaft mire se Anglezet nuk jane asgje me shume se Pellazte, te cilet nen komanden e Romakeve dhe si pjese e perandorise se madhe pushtuan kete ishull barbaresh...pra ne nje fare mase ato jane populluar nga Pellazget.
    Edhe me vone, nen hordhite sllave qe u dynden ne gadishullin tone per vende me te nxehta e pjellore por me shume per te gjetur nje toke te shtronin kockat e popujve te tyre shetites (si ne rastine Armeneve), fiset Pellasge qe u ndeshen nen keto hordhi iken dhe moren popujt e tyre per vende me te sigurta, deri sa arriten ne Rusine e paane nga ku kane ngelur edhe fshatrat Pellazge qe flasin edhe sot gjuhen Arvanitase dhe nje pjese e mire nen komanden e mbretit Alban u hodhen tej detit e pushtuan Irlanden dhe Skocine (Scotia)...nga ku ka ngelur edhe nje nga emrfat me te shquar te ketyre popujve emri Alban/Albany, si dhe doket popullore si gajdja/bagpipe dhe fustanella/skirt....
    Nje pyetje tjeter qe kam eshte edhe kjo:
    -Nese Greket ishin nje popull kaq trim e heroik, qe kishin pushtuar boten e ku ta di une cfar perralallash kane nxjerre prifterinjte Armene, ku eshte ky popull? Vete Greqia sot eshtge rreth 10 milion banore, ku mese 60 % jane Arvanitas....sdihet sa se nuk ka rvidenca nga kombi me racist ne kete bote - Armenet-Greke. Pra nuk ka Greke, por ka Helene, qe ne vetvete ishin Pellazge. Do te thote ndonjeri, cfar po flet ky se na dalka cdo gje shqiptare/Albane/Ilire/Pellazge, e po mohohet kombi Grek...po kush komb? Ku eshte ky komb i lavdueshem? 4 milone banore sot ne shekullin e 21? Po 1200 BC, ku ishin? - Asgjekundi!
    Greket behen edhe qesharake kur kerkojne Maqedonine. Cfar ironie e fatit, kur dihet se ne Maqedoni (pa u ngaterruar me sllavet, se ato nuk quhen e nuk jane maqedonas) shumica, me mbi 86% jane shqiptare, pra pasardhes te PEllazgeve, dhe asnje Grek! ASNJE GREK ne kete krahine...! Edhe ne krahinen Maqedonase Greke, me shume pronesia mbi token i perket Arvanitasve! Tani Greket ose jane Helene, ose jane Maqedonas. Si ka mundesi te jene te dy ne te njejten kohe? Ironi e madhe kjo!
    Duke mos dash ta zgjas me shume kete shkrim e ta bej me te merziteshem, po them si perfundim: - Cfardo spjegimi ti jepet fjlanes Pellazg apo Ilyr/Ilir nuk nxjerrim gje. Gjuha ehte etnologjia me e sakte e historise se lashte. Dhe nese shikohen shkrimet mbi kultet e vjetra ne Akropulin e lashte apo kudo, ato jane me te vertete te shkruajtura me shkronja CIRILIKE Armene/Greke por kuptimi i tyre jepet vetem ne Pellazgjishten si gjuhe. Gjuha Greke as afrohet, as ka kuptim ne antikitet! Pellazgjishtja - kjo ka qene gjuha qe ka zberthyer tere keto mbishkrime te vjetra, Gjuha e Pellazgeve, gjuha e Antikitetit...gjuha e Homerit dhe historianeve dhe shkenvetareve te lahte....GREKE??????- Pellazge!
    Sot me modernizimin e kerkimeve shkencore ne histori, jane hapur te gjitha mundesite per te patur nje shikim shkencor mbi historine e lashte, e cila fatkeqesisht eshte neperkembur nga murgj te etur per gjak e per pushtime te quajtur murgj Armene, ne nje toke pjellore qe e quajten Greqi, toke qe me masjtrime ja moren Pellazgeve!

    Flm per kohen qe me kushtuat...
    You changed your shirt, Mr Bond. I hope our little game, isnt causing you to perspire.

  4. #294
    i/e regjistruar Maska e fegi
    Anėtarėsuar
    29-05-2009
    Postime
    5,767
    Nė favorizon ekipin vendas

    The ethnonym Pelasgoķ (Pelasgians) is of unknown etymology. Tė ethnonym Pelasgoķ (Pelasgians) ėshtė e panjohur etimologji. It first occurs in the poems of Homer : the Pelasgians in the Iliad appear among the allies of Troy . Ajo parė ndodh nė poezi e favorizon ekipin vendas: e Pelasgians nė Iliad paraqiten nė mesin e aleatėve tė Trojės. In the section known to scholars as the Catalogue of Ships , which otherwise preserves a strict geographical order, they stand between the Hellespontine cities and the Thracians of south-east Europe, ie on the Hellespontine border of Thrace (2.840-843). Nė pjesėn e njohur si studiues tė Katalogu i Anije, i cili ndryshe ruan njė mėnyrė strikte gjeografike, ata qėndrojnė nė mes tė Hellespontine qyteteve dhe trakėt e nė Evropėn jug-lindore, pėrkatėsisht nė kufirin e Hellespontine Thrakė (2.840-843). Homer calls their town or district " Larisa " and characterises it as fertile, and its inhabitants as celebrated for their spearsmanship. Favorizon ekipin vendas thirrjet e tyre tė qytetit ose qarkut "Larisa" dhe karakterizon atė si pjellore, si dhe banorėt e saj tė festonin pėr spearsmanship tyre. He records their chiefs as Hippothous and Pylaeus, sons of Lethus son of Teutamus. Iliad , 10.428-429, describes their camping ground between the town of Troy and the sea. Ai shėnimet e tyre shefat Hippothous si dhe Pylaeus, djemtė e Lethus biri i Teutamus. Iliad, 10,428-429, pėrshkruan tyre kampimi terren mes qytetin e Trojės dhe me detin.

    The Odyssey , 17.175-177, places the Pelasgians in Crete , together with two apparently indigenous and two immigrant peoples ( Achaeans and Dorians ), but gives no indication to which class the Pelasgians belong. Lemnos ( Iliad , 7.467; 14. 230) has no Pelasgians, but a Minyan dynasty. E odisea, 17,175-177, vendet e Pelasgians nė Kretė, sė bashku me dy indigjene dhe me sa duket dy popujve emigrant (Achaeans dhe Dorians), por i jep asnjė shenjė tė cilat i pėrkasin klasės sė Pelasgians. Lemnos (Iliad, 7,467; 14. 230) ka nuk Pelasgians, por njė Minyan dinastie. Two other passages ( Iliad , 2.681-684; 16.233-235) apply the epithet "Pelasgic" to a district called Argos about Mount Othrys in southern Thessaly , and to the temple of Zeus at Dodona , in Epirus . Dy pasazhe tė tjera (Iliad, 2,681-684; 16,233-235) aplikojnė epitet "Pelasgic" tė njė rrethi tė quajtur Argos rreth Mount Othrys nė jug tė Thesalisė, dhe nė tempullin e Zeus at Dodona, nė Epir. But neither passage mentions actual Pelasgians; Hellenes and Achaeans specifically people the Thessalian Argos, and Dodona hosts Perrhaebians and Aenianes ( Iliad , 2.750) who are nowhere described as Pelasgian. Por as pasazh pėrmend aktuale Pelasgians; Hellenes dhe Achaeans posaēėrisht njerėzit e Thessalian Argos, Dodona dhe pret Perrhaebians dhe Aenianes (Iliad, 2,750), tė cilėt janė tė pėrshkruar si askund Pelasgian. It looks therefore as if "Pelasgian" was used in Homeric epic connotatively, to mean either "formerly occupied by Pelasgians" or simply "of immemorial age." Duket pra sikur "Pelasgian" ėshtė pėrdorur nė Homeric epik connotatively, ose do tė thotė pėr tė "pushtuar dikur nga Pelasgians" ose thjesht "i stėrlashtė mosha."
    Post-Homeric Post-Homeric

    Strabo quotes Hesiod as expanding on the Homeric phrase, calling Dodona "seat of Pelasgians" (fragment 225); he speaks also of the eponymous ancestor of the Pelasgians, Pelasgus ( Ancient Greek : Πελασγός), the father of the culture-hero of Arcadia , Lycaon . Strabo kuotat Hesiod si nė zgjerimin e Homeric fraza, duke e quajtur Dodona "selia e Pelasgians" (fragment 225); ai flet gjithashtu e eponymous ancestor e Pelasgians, Pelasgus (lashtė grek: Πελασγός), babai i heroit tė kulturės-Arcadia , Lycaon. After Hesiod, a number of early authors flesh out his brief statement. Pas Hesiod, njė numėr i autorėve nė fillim mishin e tij tė shkurtėr deklaratė. An early genealogist, Asius of Samos , describes Pelasgus as the first man, literally born of the earth to create a race of men. Njė fillim genealogist, Asius Samos, e pėrshkruan Pelasgus si njeriu i parė, fjalė pėr fjalė i lindur nė tokė, pėr tė krijuar njė garė tė meshkujve. An early poet, Hecataeus , makes Pelasgus king of Thessaly (expounding Iliad , 2.681-684); Acusilaus applies this Homeric passage to the Peloponnesian Argos , the Argolid, and engrafts the Hesiodic Pelasgus, father of Lycaon, into a Peloponnesian genealogy. Njė fillim poeti, Hecataeus, bėn Pelasgus mbretit tė Thesalisė (expounding Iliad, 2.681-684); Acusilaus vlen kjo pėr tė Homeric kalimin e Peloponeziane Argos, e Argolid, dhe engrafts e Hesiodic Pelasgus, babai i Lycaon, nė njė Peloponeziane gjenealogji.

    Hellanicus repeats this identification a generation later, and identifies this Argive or Arcadian Pelasgus with the Thessalian Pelasgus of Hecataeus. Aeschylus regards Pelasgus as earthborn ( Supplices I, sqq.), as in Asius, and ruler of a kingdom stretching from Argos to Dodona and the Strymon; but in Prometheus 879, the "Pelasgian" land simply means Argos. Sophocles takes the same view (Inachus, fragment. 256) and for the first time introduces the ethnonym Tyrrhenoi , apparently as synonymous with "Pelasgians". Hellanicus e pėrsėrit kėtė identifikimit njė brez tė mėvonshme, dhe identifikon kėtė Argive ose Arcadian Pelasgus me Thessalian Pelasgus e Hecataeus. Eskili i pėrket Pelasgus si i dalė nga toka (Supplices I, sqq.), Si nė Asius, dhe sundimtari i njė mbretėri qė shtrihen nga Argos nė Dodona dhe e Strymon; por Prometeu nė 879, e "Pelasgian" thjesht do tė thotė tokė Argos. Sofokliu merr tė njėjtėn pamje (Inachus, pjesė e shkėputur. 256) dhe pėr herė tė parė prezanton ethnonym Tyrrhenoi, me sa duket si sinonime me "Pelasgians". Euripedes calls the inhabitants of Argos Pelasgian Orestes 857 , and 933 , if genuine. Euripedes i quan banorėt e Argos Pelasgian Orestes 857, dhe 933, nė qoftė se e vėrtetė.
    In Herodotus Nė Herodoti

    Herodotus , like Homer, has a denotative as well as a connotative use. Herodoti, si favorizon ekipin vendas, ka njė tregues, si dhe njė connotative pėrdorimit. He describes actual Pelasgians surviving and speaking mutually intelligible dialects Ai pėrshkruan aktuale Pelasgians gjallė dhe tė folur reciprokisht i kuptueshėm dialekte

    * at Placie and Scylace on the Asiatic shore of the Hellespont; nė Placie dhe Scylace aziatik nė breg tė Hellespont;
    * near Creston on the Strymon ; in this area they have "Tyrrhenian" neighbors ( Persian Wars 1.57). pranė Creston mbi Strymon; nė kėtė fushė, ata kanė "etrusk" fqinjėt (persisht luftėrave 1,57).

    Herodotus wrote: Herodoti ka shkruajtur:

    "What language however the Pelasgians used to speak I am not able with certainty to say. But if one must pronounce judging by those that still remain of the Pelasgians who dwelt in the city of Creston above the Tyrsenians, and who were once neighbours of the race now called Dorian, dwelling then in the land which is now called Thessaliotis, and also by those that remain of the Pelasgians who settled at Plakia and Skylake in the region of the Hellespont, who before that had been settlers with the Athenians, and of the natives of the various other towns which are really Pelasgian, though they have lost the name,--if one must pronounce judging by these, the Pelasgians used to speak a Barbarian language. If therefore all the Pelasgian race was such as these, then the Attic race, being Pelasgian, at the same time when it changed and became Hellenic, unlearnt also its language. For the people of Creston do not speak the same language with any of those who dwell about them, nor yet do the people of Phakia, but they speak the same language one as the other: and by this it is proved that they still keep unchanged the form of language which they brought with them when they migrated to these places." (Book 1, The Histories) "Ēfarė gjuhe Pelasgians megjithatė e pėrdorura pėr tė folur unė nuk jam nė gjendje tė thotė me siguri. Por nėse njė duhet tė shprehem duke gjykuar nga ato qė ende mbeten tė Pelasgians qė vendosėt nė qytetin e Creston mbi Tyrsenians, dhe i cili dikur ishin fqinjėt e Dorian garėn tani quhet, pastaj nė banesėn e tokės e cila ėshtė tani quhet Thessaliotis, por edhe nga ato qė mbeten tė Pelasgians i cili zgjidhet nė Plakia dhe Skylake nė rajon e Hellespont, i cili para se kishte qenė i Settlers me athinasit, dhe e natives e tė tjera qytete tė ndryshme tė cilat janė me tė vėrtetė Pelasgian, pse ata kanė humbur emrin, - nėse dikush duhet tė shprehem duke gjykuar nga kėto, Pelasgians tė pėrdoren pėr tė flasin njė gjuhė barbare. Nė qoftė se pėr kėtė arsye tė gjitha Pelasgian garė ishte i tillė si kėto, pastaj Attic tė racės, u Pelasgian, nė tė njėjtėn kohė kur ajo ndryshoi dhe u bė Helenike, unlearnt edhe gjuhėn e vet. Pėr njerėzit e Creston nuk flasin tė njėjtėn gjuhė me ndonjė prej atyre qė ndalem rreth tyre, as njerėz tė tė bėjė tė Phakia , por ato flasin tė njėjtėn gjuhė si njė tjetėr: dhe me kėtė ėshtė vėrtetuar se ata ende i mbajnė tė pandryshuar nė formėn e gjuhės tė cilėn ata sollėn me vete kur ata emigruar nė kėto vende. "(libri 1, historitė e)

    He alludes to other districts where Pelasgian peoples lived on under changed names; Samothrace and Antandrus in the Troad probably provide instances of this. Ai alludes nė rrethe tė tjera ku Pelasgian popujve tė jetuar nėn ndryshuar emrat; Samothrace dhe Antandrus nė Troad tė ngjarė tė japin shembuj tė kėsaj. In discussing Lemnos and Imbros he describes a Pelasgian population whom the Athenians conquered only shortly before 500 BC , and in connection with this he tells a story of earlier raids of these Pelasgians on Attica, and of a temporary settlement there of Hellespontine Pelasgians, all dating from a time "when the Athenians were first beginning to count as Greeks." Nė diskutimin e Lemnos dhe Imbros ai pėrshkruan njė Pelasgian popullsisė tė cilin athinasit pushtuar vetėm pak para 500 BC, dhe nė lidhje me kėtė ai tregon njė histori tė mėparshme tė kėtyre kontrolleve mbi Pelasgians Atikės, dhe e ka njė zgjidhje tė pėrkohshme tė Hellespontine Pelasgians, tė gjitha takim nga njė kohė "kur athinasit ishin parė fillojnė tė llogaritin si grekėt."

    Contrary to modern understanding, Herodotus was convinced that the Hellenes were not invaders, but descendants of Pelasgians: Nė kundėrshtim me tė kuptuarit moderne, Herodoti ishte i bindur se nuk ishin Hellenes pushtuesit, por pasardhėsit e Pelasgians:

    " The Hellenic race has never, since its first origin, changed its speech. This at least seems evident to me. It was a branch of the Pelasgic, which separated from the main body, and at first was scanty in numbers and of little power; but it gradually spread and increased to a multitude of nations, chiefly by the voluntary entrance into its ranks of numerous tribes of barbarians. The Pelasgi, on the other hand, were, as I think, a barbarian race which never greatly multiplied. " "The Hellenic kurrė nuk ka garė, qė nga origjina e saj tė parė, e ndėrroi fjalim. Kjo tė paktėn duket se e qartė pėr mua. Ajo ishte njė degė tė Pelasgic, e cila ndahet nga kryesore tė trupit, dhe nė fillim ishte i pakėt nė numėr dhe e pak pushtet ; por gradualisht u pėrhap dhe u rrit nė njė numėr tė kombeve, kryesisht nga vullnetare hyrje nė rradhėt e saj tė shumta fiset e barbarians. The Pelasgi, nga ana tjetėr, ishin, sipas mendimit tim, njė garė barbare e cila kurrė nuk shumėzohen nė masė tė madhe. "

    That the Athenians were autochthonous was expressed mythically in the stories of Erechtheus and Erichthonius and was emphatically stated by Isocrates in Panegyric 23-5 : Kjo e athinasit ishin autokton u shprehėn mythically nė historitė e Erechtheus dhe Erichthonius dhe u deklaruan prerazi nga Isocrates nė lėvdate 23-5:

    " For we did not win the country we dwell in by expelling others from it, or by seizing it when uninhabited, nor are we a mixed race collected together from many nations, but so noble and genuine is our descent, that we have continued for all time in possession of the land from which we sprang, being children of our native soil, and able to address our city by the same titles that we give to our nearest relations, for we alone of all the Hellenes have the right to call our city at once nurse and fatherland and mother. " "Pėr ne nuk fitoi vendin ne banoj nė dėbimin nga tė tjerėt prej tij, ose duke kapur atė kur tė pabanuara, e as nuk janė ne njė garė tė pėrziera sė bashku mbledhur nga shumė vende, por nė mėnyrė fisnike dhe ėshtė e vėrtetė pjerrėsirė tona, se ne kemi vazhduar pėr gjithė kohė nė zotėrim tė tokės nga e cila ne sprang, fėmijėt e tė qėnit tonė amtare e tokės, dhe i aftė pėr tė trajtuar qytetin tonė me tė njėjtin tituj qė i japim nė marrėdhėniet tona mė tė afėrt, pėr ne vetėm i tė gjitha Hellenes kanė tė drejtėn pėr tė thirrur tonė njė herė nė qytet infermiere dhe atdheut dhe nėnė. "

    Elsewhere "Pelasgian" in Herodotus connotes anything typical of, or surviving from, the state of things in Greece before the coming of the Greeks (in this sense one could regard all of Greece as formerly "Pelasgic"). Tjetėrkund "Pelasgian" Herodoti nė connotes asgjė tipike tė, ose nga mbijetuar, gjendjen e gjėrave nė Greqi para se tė vijnė e tė grekėve (nė kėtė kuptim mund tė lidhur tė gjitha tė Greqisė si dikur "Pelasgic"). The clearest instances of Pelasgian survivals in ritual and customs and antiquities occur in Arcadia , the "Ionian" districts of the north-west Peloponnese, and Attica, which have suffered least from hellenization. I qartė instancat e Pelasgian survivals nė ritual dhe doganore dhe antika ndodhin nė Arcadia, e "Jon" rrethet e veri-perėndim tė Peloponezit, Atikės dhe, tė cilat kanė pėsuar mė sė paku nga helenizim. In Athens itself the prehistoric wall of the Acropolis and a plot of ground close below it received veneration in the 5th century as "Pelasgian"; so too in Thucydides (2.17). Nė Athinė veten prehistorike murit tė Akropolit dhe njė ngastėr tokė tė ngushtė mė poshtė se mori nderim nė shekullin e 5-si "Pelasgian"; edhe nė Thucydides (2,17).

    We may note that all Herodotus' examples of actual Pelasgi lie round, or near, the actual Pelasgi of Homeric Thrace; that the testimony of Thucydides (4.106) confirms the most distant of these as to the Pelasgian and Tyrrhenian population of the adjacent seaboard: also that Thucydides adopts the same general Pelasgian theory of early Greece, with the refinement that he regards the Pelasgian name as originally specific, and as having come gradually into this generic use. Ne mund tė vini re se tė gjitha Herodoti 'shembuj tė vėrtetė raundin Pelasgi gėnjeshtėr, apo afėr, aktuale Pelasgi e Trakės Homeric; qė dėshminė e Thucydides (4,106) konfirmon mė e largėt e kėtyre si tė Pelasgian etrusk dhe popullsia e ngjitur bregdet: gjithashtu se Thucydides miraton tė njėjtin pėrgjithshme Pelasgian teorinė e hershme Greqi, me finesė se ai i pėrket Pelasgian emrin fillimisht si tė veēanta, si dhe duke ardhur gradualisht nė kėtė gjenerik pėrdorim.

    The historian Ephorus preserves a passage from Hesiod that attests to a tradition of an aboriginal Pelasgian people in Arcadia, and developed a theory of the Pelasgians as a warrior-people spreading from a "Pelasgian home", and annexing and colonizing all the parts of Greece where earlier writers had found allusions to them, from Dodona to Crete and the Troad, and even as far as Italy , where again their settlements had been recognized as early as the time of Hellanicus, in close connection once more with "Tyrrhenians." E historian Ephorus ruan njė pasazh nga Hesiod se attests tė njė traditė tė njė vendės Pelasgian njerėzit nė Arcadia, dhe ėshtė zhvilluar njė teori e si njė luftėtar Pelasgians-njerėzit nga njė pėrhapje "Pelasgian shtėpi", dhe annexing dhe colonizing tė gjitha pjesėt e Greqisė ku mė parė kishte gjetur allusions shkrimtarė tė tyre, nga Dodona dhe tė Kretės Troad, dhe madje edhe pėr sa i pėrket Italisė, ku pėrsėri vendbanimet e tyre kishin qenė tė njohur sa mė shpejt qė nė kohėn e Hellanicus, nė lidhje tė ngushtė me njė herė mė shumė "Tyrrhenians."

    Nothing in the ancient discussion of the Pelasgians is inconsistent with the Greeks, at least the Athenians, being autochthonous. Asgjė nuk e lashtė nė diskutimin e Pelasgians ėshtė nė kundėrshtim me grekėt, tė paktėn athinasit, duke u autokton. Greece has been inhabited at least since the Neolithic, and there is no reason to believe that the classical Greeks were not also genetic and cultural descendants from the pre-existing inhabitants, even if the Greek languages originated from an external source. Greqia ka qenė e banuar mė sė paku qė prej neolitit, dhe nuk ka asnjė arsye pėr tė besuar se grekėt klasikė nuk ishin gjithashtu gjenetik dhe kulturore nga pasardhėsit e para-ekzistuese banorė, edhe nė qoftė se greke languages origjinėn nga njė burim i jashtėm.

    The copious additional information given by later writers either interprets local legends in the light of Ephorus's theory, or explains the name "Pelasgoi"; as when Philochorus expands a popular etymology "stork-folk" into a theory of their seasonal migrations; or Apollodorus says that Homer calls Zeus 'Pelasgian' "because he is not far from every one of us". E me bollėk informata shtesė tė dhėnė nga shkrimtarėt mė vonė ose interpreton legjendat lokale nė dritėn e Ephorus teorinė, shpjegon ose emrin "Pelasgoi"; si kur Philochorus zgjeron njė etimologji popullore "lejlek-popullore" nė njė teori tė tyre sezonale emigracionit; ose Apollodorus thotė qė favorizon ekipin vendas thirrjet Zeus' Pelasgian ' "sepse ai nuk ėshtė larg nga secili prej nesh".

    The connection between the Pelasgians and the Tyrrhenians, which began with Hellanicus, Herodotus and Sophocles, becomes confusing in the 3rd century, when the Lemnian pirates and their Attic kinsmen become plainly styled as Tyrrhenians, and early fortress-walls in Italy (like those on the Palatine Hill in Rome) appear as "Arcadian" colonies. Lidhja nė mes tė Pelasgians dhe Tyrrhenians, e cila filloi me Hellanicus, Herodoti dhe Sofokliu, bėhet konfuz nė 3. Shekullit, kur Lemnian Pirates Attic kinsmen tyre dhe tė bėhet thjesht si stiloni Tyrrhenians, dhe nė fillim tė kala-mure ne Itali (si ato tė qiellzor e Hill nė Romė) paraqiten si "Arcadian" koloni. The character of the ancient citadel wall at Athens has given the name "Pelasgic masonry" to all constructions of large, unhewn blocks fitted together with mortar, from Asia Minor to Spain, the massive character that has also been called " cyclopean ". I karakterit tė lashtė kala mur nė Athinė i ka dhėnė emrin "Pelasgic masoneri" pėr tė gjitha ndėrtimet e madhe, e pajisur pagdhendur bllokon sė bashku me mortajė, nga Azia e Vogėl nė Spanjė, karakterin masiv qė ka qenė gjithashtu i quajtur "i madh".
    Modern theories Moderne teoritė

    Modern theories about Pelasgians are sometimes colored by myths of national origin, notably (in alphabetical order) Albania, Greece and Turkey. Moderne teoritė rreth Pelasgians nganjėherė janė tė ngjyrosura me mitet e origjinės kombėtare, nė mėnyrė tė veēantė (nė rend alfabetik) Shqipėria, Greqia dhe Turqia. Popularizations tend to be more colorful. Popularizations priren tė jenė mė shumė ngjyra. The history and character of justifications of present rights to territory by demonstrating the presence of an ancestral population in deep history— Urrecht — are discussed at Revanchism. Historia dhe karakterin e arsyetimet e pranishėm nė territorin e tė drejtave duke demonstruar praninė e njė ancestral popullsisė tė thellė nė historinė e-Urrecht - janė diskutuar nė Revanchism. In all the following theories there is a mainstream, supported by philology, archaeology and toponymy, and there are divergent fringe theories with specific appeals. Nė tė gjitha teoritė e mėposhtme ka njė rrjedhė, e mbėshtetur nga filologjia, arkeologji dhe toponymy, janė tė ndryshme dhe ka flokė me teoritė specifike apelit.
    Pelasgians as pre-Indo-European people Pelasgians si para-indo-evropiane njerėz

    From an undefined, perhaps tribal name, both Classical historians and archeologists have come to use the name "Pelasgian" to describe the inhabitants in the lands around the Aegean Sea and their descendants before the arrival of the waves of proto-Greek-speaking invaders during the 2nd millennium BC . Nga njė tė papėrcaktuar, ndoshta fisnor emrin, si klasike historianė dhe arkeologėt kanė ardhur pėr tė pėrdorur emrin "Pelasgian" pėr tė pėrshkruar banorėt nė tokat rreth detit Egje dhe pasardhėsit e tyre pėrpara arritjes sė Vala e proto-greqisht-folėse pushtuesit gjatė e 2. mijėvjeēarit BC. Though Wilamowitz-Moellendorff wrote them off as mythical, the results of archaeological excavations at Ēatalhöyük by James Mellaart ( 1955 ) and F. Schachermeyr ( 1979 ) led them to conclude that the Pelasgians had migrated from Asia Minor to the Aegean basin in the 4th millennium BC . Megjithėse Wilamowitz-Moellendorff wrote tyre si mitik, rezultatet e gėrmimeve arkeologjike nė Ēatalhöyük nga Mellaart James (1955) dhe F. Schachermeyr (1979) tė udhėhequr nga ata tė arrijnė nė pėrfundimin se Pelasgians kishin emigruar nga Azia e Vogėl nė Egje nė pellgun e mijėvjeēarit 4. BC. Further, scholars have attributed a number of non-Indo-European linguistic and cultural features to the Pelasgians: Mė tej, studiuesit kanė atribuohet njė numėr jo-indo-evropiane gjuhėsore dhe kulturore pėr veēoritė e Pelasgians:

    * Groups of non-Indo-European loan words in the Greek language , borrowed in its prehistoric development Grupet e jo-indo-evropiane kredi fjalė nė gjuhėn greke, huazuar nė zhvillimin e saj parahistorik
    * Non-Indo-European roots for many Greek place names in the region, containing the consonantal strings "- nth -" (eg Corinth , Probalinthos), or its equivalent "-ns-" (eg Tiryns ); "- tt -", eg in the peninsula of Attica , Mounts Hymettus and Brilettus/Brilessus , Lycabettus Hill, the deme of Gargettus etc, or its equivalent "- ss -", eg Larissa , Mount Parnassus , the rivers Kephissus and Ilissus etc. Jo-Indo-European rrėnjėt greke pėr shumė emra nė vend tė rajonit, qė pėrmban bashkėtingėllor strings "- n--" (p.sh. Korinthit, Probalinthos), ose ekuivalente e saj "-ns-" (p.sh. Tiryns); "- tt -", p.sh. nė gadishullin e Atikės, Rritet Hymettus dhe Brilettus / Brilessus, Lycabettus Hill, e deme e Gargettus etj, ose ekuivalente e saj "- SS -", p.sh. Larisės, Mount Parnassus, lumenj Kephissus dhe Ilissus etj
    * Certain mythological stories or deities (usually goddesses such as Artemis ) that have no parallel to the mythologies of other Indo-European peoples like the Germans, Celts or Indians. Disa mitologjik tregimet apo deities (zakonisht goddesses si Artemis) se nuk ka paralele me mythologies e tjera indo-evropiane popujve si gjermanėt, Celts ose Indians.
    * A small number of non-Greek inscriptions, the best-known found on Lemnos (the Lemnos stele ). Njė numėr i vogėl i mbishkrimet jo-grek, i njohur mė mirė-gjetur nė Lemnos (e Lemnos pllakė me mbishkrim). These inscriptions use a version of the western Greek alphabet similar to that used in the Old Italic alphabet employed for Etruscan inscriptions. Kėto mbishkrimet pėrdorin njė version tė alfabetit grek perėndimore tė ngjashme me atė qė pėrdoret nė tė Vjetėr italic alfabetin etrusk mbishkrimet pėr tė punėsuar.

    Not all of these features belong to the same people. Jo tė gjitha kėto karakteristika i pėrkasin tė njėjtit njerėz. In western Anatolia, many "-ss-" placenames derive from the adjectival suffix also seen in cuneiform Luwian and some Palaic; the classic example is Bronze Age Tarhuntassa (loosely, "City of the Storm God Tarhunta"), and later Parnassus may be related to the Hittite word parna- or "house". Nė perėndimore Anatolia, shumė "-SS-" placenames rrjedhin nga adjectival prapashtesė tė shihet edhe nė formė pyke Luwian dhe disa Palaic; ėshtė shembull klasik bronxi Mosha Tarhuntassa (lirshėm, "Qyteti i Perėndisė Stuhia Tarhunta"), dhe mė vonė Parnassus mund tė jenė tė nė lidhje me fjalėn parna-Hittite apo "shtėpi". Because of insufficient evidence from the 2nd millennium BC, no consensus exists on the relationship of these "Pelasgian" elements to their neighbors – although much speculation has taken place, sometimes fueled by a desire for association with some of the earliest known inhabitants of Europe. Pėr shkak tė provave tė pamjaftueshme nga 2. Mijėvjeēarit tė para Krishtit, nuk ekziston konsensusi mbi marrėdhėnien e kėtyre "Pelasgian" elemente tė fqinjėve tė tyre - edhe pse ka shumė spekulime ndodhur, ndonjėherė nxitur nga dėshira pėr bashkėpunim me disa nga banorėt mė tė njohura tė Evropės.

    But much is not known about the Pelasgians, and may never be known. Por nuk ėshtė shumė i njohur pėr Pelasgians, dhe mund tė jetė asnjėherė nuk dihet. As Donald A. Mackenzie, wrote in 1917: [4] Si A. Donald Mackenzie, shkruante nė 1917: [4]

    " Before these [Hellenic] invaders entered into possession of the country [of Greece] it had been divided between various 'barbarous tribes', including the Pelasgi and their congeners the Caucones and Leleges. Thirlwall, among others, expressed the view 'that the name Pelasgians was a general one, like that of Saxons, Franks, or Alemanni, and that each of the Pelasgian tribes had also one peculiar to itself'. The Hellenes did not exterminate the aborigines, but constituted a military aristocracy. Aristotle was quoted to show that their original seat was near Dodona, in Epirus, and that they first appeared in Thessaly about 1384 BC. It was believed that the Hellenic conquerors laid the foundation of Greek civilization. " "Para se kėto [Hellenic] pushtuesit hynė nė posedimin e tė vendit [e Greqi] se kishte qenė e ndarė nė mes tė ndryshme 'barbarous fise', duke pėrfshirė dhe Pelasgi e tyre congeners e Caucones dhe Leleges. Thirlwall, ndėr tė tjera, shprehu pikėpamjen 'se Emri Pelasgians ishte njė pėrgjithshme njė, si kjo e Saxons, Franks, ose Alemanni, dhe se secili nga Pelasgian fise gjithashtu kishte njė privilegj i veēantė pėr veten '. Hellenes nuk i shfarosin tė aborigines, por pėrbėnin njė ushtarak aristocracy. Aristoteli u citua tė tregojnė se tyre origjinale vend ishte pranė Dodona, nė Epir, dhe se ata sė pari u shfaq nė Thesalisė rreth 1384 BC. Ishte besonte se Helenike conquerors hodhi themelin e qytetėrimit grek. "

    Mackenzie continues, quoting George Grote: Mackenzie vazhdon, duke cituar George Grote:

    " By what circumstances, or out of what pre-existing elements, the aggregate was brought together and modified, we find no evidence entitled to credit. There are, indeed, various names affirmed to designate the ante-Hellenic inhabitants of many parts of Greece — the Pelasgi, the Leleges , the Curetes , the Kaukones , the Aones, the Temmikes, the Hyantes , the Telchines , the Boeotian Thracians , the Teleboae, the Ephyri, the Phlegyae, &c. These are names belonging to legendary, not to historical Greece — extracted out of a variety of conflicting legends by the logographers and subsequent historians, who strung together out of them a supposed history of the past, at a time when the conditions of historical evidence were very little understood. That these names designated real nations may be true but here our knowledge ends. " "Deri nė ēfarė rrethana, ose prej asaj para-ekzistuese elemente, tė agregat u mblodhi sė bashku dhe tė modifikuara, ne gjejmė ndonjė dėshmi tė drejtė pėr kredi. Ka, vėrtet, afirmuan emra tė ndryshėm pėr tė caktuar tė ante-Helenike banorėt e shumė pjesė tė Greqisė - tė Pelasgi, e Leleges, e Curetes, e Kaukones, e Aones, e Temmikes, e Hyantes, e Telchines, i vrazhdė e trakasve, e Teleboae, e Ephyri, e Phlegyae, & c. Kėto janė emrat pėrkasin legjendarė, pėr tė mos historike Greqi - nxjerra nga njė shumėllojshmėri tė konfliktuoze nga legjendat e logographers dhe historianė tė mėvonshėm, tė cilėt sė bashku ndjeshėm nga ata supozohet njė histori e sė kaluarės, nė njė kohė kur kushtet e historike janė shumė pak prova tė kuptohet. Kjo emrat e kėtyre vendeve tė caktuar tė vėrtetė mund tė jetė e vėrtetė, por kėtu pėrfundon e njohurive tona. "

    The poet and mythologist Robert Graves, in his works on Greek mythology , asserts that certain elements of that mythology originate with the native Pelasgian people — namely the parts related to his concept of the White Goddess, an archetypical Earth Goddess — drawing additional support for his conclusion from his interpretations of other ancient literature: Irish, Welsh, Greek, Biblical, Gnostic and medieval writings. I poetit dhe mythologist Robert Graves, nė veprat e tij mbi mitologji greke, pohon se disa elemente qė e kanė origjinėn mitologji me native Pelasgian vetė - pikėrisht pjesėt e tij lidhur me konceptin e perėndeshė e Bardhė, njė perėndeshė archetypical Tokės - vizatim tij pėr mbėshtetje shtesė pėrfundim tė tij nga interpretimet e tjera tė lashta literature: Irish, Welsh, Greek, biblik, gnostik dhe shkrimet e mesjetės. Mainstream scholarship considers Graves' thesis at best controversial, although certain literary circles and many neo-pagan groups have accepted it. Kryesore tė bursave konsideron varret 'teza e diskutueshme nė rastin mė tė mirė, megjithėse disa qarqe letrare dhe shumė neo-pagane grupet kanė pranuar atė.

    A Turkish scholar, Polat Kaya, has recently offered a translation of one of the inscriptions on Lemnos , based on his theory that it reflects a language related to Turkish. Njė studiues turk, Polat Kaja, kohėt e fundit ka ofruar njė pėrkthim tė njė nga mbishkrimet nė Lemnos, i bazuar nė teorinė e tij se ai pasqyron njė tė lidhura me gjuhėn turke. However, in the period of the putative date of the inscription the Turkish people lived several thousand miles away in southeastern Siberia. Megjithatė, nė periudhėn prej datės sė i supozuar tė mbishkrim Turkish people jetuar disa mijėra kilometra larg nė juglindje tė Siberi. They began to migrate westward only about 300 AD , a fact that has hindered acceptance of Kaya's translation. Ata filluan tė emigrojnė nė perėndim vetėm rreth 300 AD, njė fakt qė ka penguar pranimin e Kaja's translation. This theory is almost unanimously ignored by scholars. [5] Kjo teori ėshtė injoruar pothuajse njėzėri nga studiues. [5]

    Some Georgian scholars (including MG Tseretheli, RV Gordeziani, M. Abdushelishvili, and Dr. Zviad Gamsakhurdia) connect the Pelasgian with the Iberian-Caucasian cultures of the prehistoric Caucasus, known to the Greeks as Colchis . Disa studiues Georgian (pėrfshirė MG Tseretheli, RV Gordeziani, M. Abdushelishvili, dhe Dr Zviad Gamsakhurdia) tė lidhė me Pelasgian iberik-Kaukazian kulturave prehistorike e Kaukazit, pėr tė njohur si grekėt Colchis. This may sound plausible since there were many autochthonic Caucasian peoples dwelling in Anatolia such as the Hattians before the arrival of the Indo-Europeans. Kjo mund tė tingėllojė bindės pasi qė kishte shumė autochthonic Kaukazian popujve banesa nė Anatolia tė tilla si Hattians pėrpara arritjes sė e indo-evropianė.

    The Bulgarian linguist Vladimir Georgiev claimed that the Pelasgians were Indo-Europeans, with an Indo-European etymology of pelasgoi from pelagos , "sea" as the Sea People, the PRŚT of Egyptian inscriptions, [6] and related them to the neighbouring Thracians . Bullgare e gjuhėtar Vladimir Georgiev deklaruan se ishin Pelasgians indo-evropianėt, me njė etimologji indo-evropiane e pelasgoi nga pelagos, "deti" Njerėzit si detin, e PRŚT mbishkrimet e egjiptian, [6] dhe ata tė lidhura fqinje trakasve. He even proposed a soundshift model from Indo-European to Pelasgian. Ai madje i propozuar nga njė model soundshift indo-evropiane pėr tė Pelasgian. Another Bulgarian scholar, Alexander Fol, defends the theory that in fact the name Pelasgians is not just ethnic, but cultural and religious definition for the pre-Hellenic inhabitants of Greece. Njė tjetėr dijetar bullgar, Alexander Fol, mbron teorinė se nė fakt emrin Pelasgians nuk ėshtė vetėm etnik, kulturor dhe fetar, por pėr pėrkufizimin e para-Helenike banorėt e Greqi.

    The Austrian linguist Johann Georg von Hahn attempted to connect the pre-Indo-European Pelasgian language with Albanian. Gjuhėtar austriak Johann Georg von Hahn pėrpoq tė lidhė para-Indo-European Pelasgian gjuhėn shqipe me. Today, the Albanian language is universally classified as an Indo-European language by linguists. Sot, gjuha shqipe ėshtė universale klasifikuar si njė gjuhė indo-evropiane nga gjuhėtarėt. This hypothesis, therefore, has attracted little general support. [7] Kjo hipotezė, pra, ka tėrhequr pak mbėshtetje e pėrgjithshme. [7]

    AJ Van Windekens (1915—1989) offered rules for an unattested hypothetical Indo-European Pelasgian language in Le Pélasgique (1952) and Études pélasgique (1960); selecting vocabulary for which there was no Greek etymology, Van Windekens claimed to find Pelasgian etymologies in many place names and other vocabulary of ancient Greece, in names of heroes, animals, plants, garments, artifacts, social organization. AJ Van Windekens (1915-1989) ofruar rregullat pėr njė unattested hipotetik Indo-European Pelasgian nė gjuhėn Le Pélasgique (1952) dhe Études pélasgique (1960); zgjedhjen e fjalorit pėr tė cilat nuk kishte asnjė grek etimologji, Van Windekens pretendoi pėr tė gjetur Pelasgian etymologies nė vend dhe shumė emra tė tjerė tė lashtė fjalorin Greqi, nė emrat e heronj, kafshėt, bimėt, veshje, objekte, organizatė shoqėrore.
    Pelasgians as Hellenes Pelasgians si Hellenes

    According to a number of classical quotes and modern studies, the Pelasgians were Hellenes (Greeks), and the direct ancestors of later Greek tribes. Sipas njė numri tė kuotat klasike dhe moderne tė studimeve, e Pelasgians u Hellenes (greke), dhe i drejtpėrdrejtė ancestors fise e mė vonė greke. The arguments supporting this connection are as follows: Argumentet qė mbėshtesin kėtė lidhje janė si mė poshtė:

    1. That the term "barbarian" had a dual meaning. Kjo termi "barbar" kishte njė kuptim tė dyfishtė. Aside from meaning "non-Hellenic," the term "barbarian" has been used by Greek tribes/city-states to deride other Greek tribes/city-states that were deemed unsophisticated in their use of the Hellenic language/culture. [8] For example, when Athenian orator Demosthenes attacked Philip II of Macedon in the Third Philippic , he deemed the Macedonians as non-Hellenic, unrelated to the Hellenes, and not even worthy of being deemed as "barbarians." Pėrveē qė do tė thotė "jo-Hellenic," termi "barbar" ėshtė pėrdorur nga fiset greke / qytet-shteteve tė tjera greke tall fise / qytet-shtete qė konsiderohen tė papėrvojė ishin nė pėrdorimin e tyre tė Hellenic language / kulturės. [8] Pėr shembull, kur Athines orator Demosthenes sulmuar Philip II i Macedon nė tretė filipikat, ai konsiderohet si jo e maqedonasve-Helenik, e palidhur me Hellenes, e jo edhe pėr tė qenė i denjė qė konsiderohen si "barbarians." This indicates that the utilization of the term "barbarian" in many ancient Greek accounts was reflective of the socio-political competition that existed between various Greek city-states, tribes, and civilizations. Kjo tregon se pėrdorimi i fjalės "barbar" nė shumė tė lashtė grek i llogarive u pasqyrues social-politik qė ekzistonte konkurrenca midis ndryshme qytet-shtetet greke, fise, dhe civilizimeve.
    2. From this dual meaning, Herodotus did not imply that the Pelasgians were non-Hellenes when he described them and their language as "barbaric." Nga ky kuptim tė dyfishtė, Herodoti nuk nėnkuptonte se ishin Pelasgians jo-Hellenes kur ai i pėrshkroi ato si dhe gjuhėn e tyre "barbare." Support for this argument is found within a passage where Herodotus deemed the Hellenes as a branch of the Pelasgians. [9] Moreover, it was not an uncommon phenomenon for a Greek tribe to speak Greek crudely to the point where it was difficult for other Greeks to understand. [10] So, when Herodotus (1.57) concludes that the Athenians changed language when they joined the Hellenic body , it means that they advanced linguistically, socially, and culturally from their Pelasgian forebears. Mbėshtetja pėr kėtė argument ėshtė gjetur brenda njė pasazh ku Herodoti e Hellenes konsiderohet si njė degė tė Pelasgians. [9] Pėr mė tepėr, ai nuk ishte njė fenomen i veēantė pėr njė fis tė flasin greqisht greqisht crudely nė pikėn ku ajo ishte e vėshtirė pėr tė tjera grekėt pėr tė kuptuar. [10] Pra, kur Herodoti (1,57) pėrfundon se athinasit ndryshuar gjuhėn kur ata u bashkuan me Hellenic trupit, kjo do tė thotė se ata tė pėrparuara gjuhėsore, shoqėrore dhe kulturore tė tyre nga Pelasgian forebears. Herodotus (6.137) also discusses the expulsion of Pelasgians by the Athenians from Attica to Lemnos. Herodoti (6,137) gjithashtu diskuton dėbimin e Pelasgians nga athinasit nga Atikės tė Lemnos. However, this passage may be derived from an event whereby the Athenians expelled Pelasgian Boeotian refugees (closely related to them culturally and linguistically) to the Ionian colonies. [11] Herodotus is also known for not distinguishing the difference between linguistically similar dialects and languages that are completely separate from Greek. [12] As a result of this ambiguity, the language of the Pelasgians was "barbaric" in the sense that it was an unsophisticated form of Hellenic as opposed to being non-Hellenic. [13] Megjithatė, kjo mund tė jetė pasazh qė rrjedhin nga njė veprimtari ku athinasit dėbuar Pelasgian i vrazhdė refugjatė (tė lidhura ngushtė me ato kulturore dhe gjuhėsore) nė kolonitė e Jonit. [11] Herodoti ėshtė i njohur gjithashtu pėr tė mos dalluese dallimi nė mes tė ngjashme dialektet gjuhėsore dhe gjuhėt qė janė tėrėsisht tė ndarė nga greke. [12] Si rezultat i kėsaj ambiguitetit, gjuha e Pelasgians ishte "barbare" nė kuptimin se ajo ishte njė formė e thjeshtė Hellenic kundrejt pėr tė qenė jo-Helenike. [13]
    3. That the autochthonous nature of the Athenians (an ancient belief to which Herodotus , Isocrates , Plutarch and others attest) implies they are descended from the autochthonous Pelasgians. Kjo e autokton natyrėn e athinasit (njė besimi tė lashtė e cila Herodoti, Isocrates, Plutarch dhe tė tjerė attest) nėnkupton qė ata janė zbritur nga autokton Pelasgians. The Athenians deemed themselves "true Hellenes" due to their well-developed society. Konsiderohet i athinasit veten "Hellenes vėrtetė" pėr shkak tė tyre edhe tė zhvilluar shoqėri.
    4. During the early 20th century, archaeological excavations conducted by the Italian Archaeological School and by the American Classical School on the Athenian Acropolis and on other sites within Attica revealed Neolithic dwellings, tools, pottery, and sheep skeletons. Gjatė fillim tė shekullit tė 20, gėrmime arkeologjike tė kryer nga italisht Arkeologjik dhe nga Shkolla Amerikane klasike nė Shkollėn e Athines Akropolit dhe nė zona tė tjera brenda Atikės zbuloi neolitik banesave, mjetet, qeramikė, deleve dhe skelete. All of these discoveries showed significant resemblances to the Neolithic discoveries made on the Thessalian acropolises in Sesklo and Dimini. Tė gjitha kėto zbulime treguan tė rėndėsishme pėr tė resemblances neolitik zbulimet e bėra nė Thessalian acropolises nė Sesklo dhe Dimini. These discoveries helped provide physical confirmation of ancient records that described the Athenians as the descendants of the Pelasgians (who were primarily the Neolithic inhabitants of Thessaly). [14] Kėto zbulime ndihmoi fizike sigurojnė konfirmimin e lashtė tė dhėnat qė e pėrshkroi athinasit si pasardhės tė Pelasgians (tė cilėt ishin kryesisht tė neolitit banorėt e Thesalisė). [14]
    5. During the 1980s , the Skourta Plain project identified Middle Helladic and Late Helladic sites on mountain summits near the plains of Skourta . Gjatė viteve 1980, tė projektit Skourta Plain identifikuar Mesme Helladic dhe Late Helladic faqet mbi summits malore pranė rrafshin e Skourta. These fortified mountain settlements were, according to tradition, inhabited by Pelasgians up until the end of the Bronze Age. Kėto vendbanime ishin tė fortifikuar malore, sipas traditės, i banuar nga Pelasgians deri nė fund tė Mosha bronxi. Moreover, the location of the sites is an indication that the Pelasgian inhabitants sought to "ethnically" (a fluid term according to Foreigners and Barbarians ) and economically distinguish themselves from the Mycenean Greeks who controlled the Skourta plain. [15] Pėr mė tepėr, vendodhjen e vendeve ėshtė njė tregues se Pelasgian banorėve pėr tė kėrkuar "etnikisht" (vaj e njė termi sipas tė huajt dhe Barbarians) dhe ekonomikisht dallojė veten nga Mycenean grekėt qė ka kontrolluar Skourta plain. [15]

    See also Shih gjithashtu

    * " Barbarian " for the Hellenic usage of the term "Barbare" Helenike pėr pėrdorimin e termit
    * Leleges Leleges
    * Minyans Minyans
    * Pre-Greek substrate Para-greke substrate
    * Names of the Greeks Emrat e grekėve
    * Thracians Trakėt
    * Pelasgian Creation Myth Pelasgian Creation Miti

    Notes Shenimet

    1. ↑ Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities, Book 1, 17 ( LacusCurtius ) - Afterwards some of the Pelasgians who inhabited Thessaly, as it is now called, being obliged to leave their country, settled among the Aborigines and jointly with them made war upon the Sicels. ↑ Dionysius e Halicarnassus, Roman antika, Book 1, 17 (LacusCurtius) - Mė pas disa nga tė cilėt Pelasgians banuara Thesalisė, si ėshtė tani quhet, duke qenė tė detyruar tė largohen nga vendi i tyre, u vendos midis Aborigines dhe sė bashku me ta e bėri tė luftės nė bazė tė Sicels. It is possible that the Aborigines received them partly in the hope of gaining their assistance, but I believe it was chiefly on account of their kinship; for the Pelasgians, too, were a Greek nation originally from the Peloponnesus . Ėshtė e mundshme qė ata morėn Aborigines pjesėrisht me shpresėn e fitimit tė tyre ndihmė, por unė besoj se kjo ishte kryesisht nė llogari tė tyre ngjashmėri; pėr Pelasgians, gjithashtu, janė njė popull grek fillimisht nga Peloponez.
    2. ↑ Ovid, Metamorphoses, Book 12.1 ( Perseus ) - Here, when a sacrifice had been prepared to Jove, according to the custom of their land, and when the ancient altar glowed with fire, the Greeks observed an azure colored snake crawling up in a plane tree near the place where they had just begun their sacrifice..."Rejoice Pelasgian men, for we shall conquer; Troy will fall; although the toil of war must long continue--so the nine birds equal nine long years of war." ↑ Ovid, Metamorphoses, Book 12/1 (Perseu) - Ja, kur njė sakrificė ishte pėrgatitur nė besė, nė pėrputhje me zakonin e tokėn e tyre, dhe kur e lashtė altar glowed me zjarrin, grekėt vėrejtur njė azure colored snake zvarritje deri nė njė rrap pranė vend ku ata sapo kishte filluar ... sakrificėn e tyre "u gėzohen Pelasgian burrat, pėr ne do tė pushtojnė; Trojės do tė bjerė; megjithėse punė e rėndė tė luftės duhet tė vazhdojė tė gjatė - nė mėnyrė tė barabartė tė nėntė nėntė shpendėt gjatė viteve tė luftės. " And while he prophesied, the serpent, coiled about the tree, was transformed to a stone, curled crooked as a snake . Dhe ndėrsa ai prophesied, e gjarpėr, coiled rreth pemė, u transformua nė njė gur, curled si njė gjarpėr i pėrdredhur.
    3. ↑ Strabo, Geography, Book V, 2.4 ( LacusCurtius ) - As for the Pelasgi, almost all agree, in the first place, that some ancient tribe of that name spread throughout the whole of Greece, and particularly among the Aeolians of Thessaly...Again, Aeschylus, in his Suppliants, or else his Danaan Women, says that the race of the Pelasgi originated in that Argos which is round about Mycenae. ↑ Strabo, Geography, libri V, 2.4 (LacusCurtius) - Sa i pėrket Pelasgi, pothuajse tė gjithė janė dakord, nė radhė tė parė, qė disa i lashtė fis qė emrin pėrhapur nė tė gjithė Greqinė dhe nė veēanti nė mesin e tė Thesalisė Aeolians .. . Pėrsėri, Eskili, nė fjalimin e tij tė Suppliants, ose tjetėr Danaan Femrat e tij, thotė se nė garėn e Pelasgi origjinėn nė Argos se cila ėshtė pėrreth Mycenae. And the Peloponnesus too, according to Ephorus, was called "Pelasgia." Dhe e Peloponez tepėr, sipas Ephorus, u quajt "Pelasgia."
    4. ↑ Mackenzie, Myths of Crete and Pre-Hellenic Europe, (1917), p 75. ↑ Mackenzie, Mitet e Kretės dhe Para-Helenike Evropės, (1917), f. 75.
    5. ↑ The only references found on a scholar.google.com search are self-published, and one article dismissing Kaya's further theory that Sumerian is a form of Turkish. ↑ E vetmja referencat gjendet nė njė scholar.google.com kėrko janė vetė-publikuar, dhe njė artikull tė mėtejshėm tė hedhur poshtė Kaja Sumerian teori qė ėshtė njė formė e turqisht. Dr. Kaveh Farrokh " "Pan-Turanianism takes aim at Azerbaijan: A Geopolitical Agenda " Rozaneh , Nov, December 2005. A JSTOR search on "Polat" and "Kaya" shows no references to the names used together at all. Searches conducted on December 19 , 2006 . Dr Kaveh Farrokh "" pan-Turanianism merr nė Azerbajxhan Qėllimi: Njė Agjendė gjeopolitike "Rozaneh, nėntor, dhjetor 2005. Njė JSTOR kėrko nė" Polat "dhe" Kaja "nuk tregon referenca nė emrat e pėrdorur nė tė gjitha sė bashku. Kėrkimet e kryer nė 19 dhjetor, 2006.
    6. ↑ V. ↑ V. Georgiev, La toponymie ancienne de la péninsule balkanique et la thčse mediterannée Sixth International Onomastic Congrees, Florence-Pisa, April 1961 (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences), 1961, noted in M. Delcor, "Jahweh et Dagon (ou le Jahwisme face ą la religion des Philistins, d'aprčs 1 Sam. V)" Vetus Testamentum 14 .2 (April 1964, pp. 136-154) p. Georgiev, La toponymie ancienne de la péninsule balkanique et la kėto mediterannée Gjashtė Ndėrkombėtar Onomastic Congrees, Firenze-Pisa, prill 1961 (Akademinė Bullgare tė Shkencave), 1961, vuri nė dukje nė Delcor M., "Jahweh et Dagon (ou le tė pėrballen me Jahwisme ą la fe des Philistins, d'aprčs 1 Sam. V) "Vetus Testamentum 14 ,2 (prill 1964, pp. 136-154) p. 142 note. 142 shėnim.
    7. ↑ Pelasgians and others ↑ Pelasgians dhe tė tjerėt
    8. ↑ Foreigners and Barbarians (adapted from Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks ) , The American Forum for Global Education, 2000. The status of being a foreigner, as the Greeks understood the term does not permit any easy definition. ↑ Huajve dhe Barbarians (pėrshtatur nga Daily Life grekėt e lashtė), The American Forumi Globale pėr Arsim, 2000. Tė statusin e tė qėnit njė i huaj, si grekėt kuptuar termi nuk lejon asnjė pėrkufizim lehtė. Primarily it signified such peoples as the Persians and Egyptians, whose languages were unintelligible to the Greeks, but it could also be used of Greeks who spoke in a different dialect and with a different accent...Prejudice toward Greeks on the part of Greeks was not limited to those who lived on the fringes of the Greek world. Kryesisht ajo signified tilla si popujt e Persians dhe egjiptianėt, tė cilit ishin gjuhė tė pakuptueshėm tė grekėt, por ai mund tė pėrdoret gjithashtu e grekėve i cili foli nė njė dialekt tė ndryshme dhe me njė theks tė ndryshme ... paragjykim ndaj grekėve nga ana e grekėve u nuk kufizohet vetėm pėr ata qė kanė jetuar nė skajet e botės greke. The Boeotians, inhabitants of central Greece, whose credentials were impeccable, were routinely mocked for their stupidity and gluttony. Tė Boeotians, banorėt e Greqinė qendrore, tė cilit ishin kredencialet patėmetė, nė mėnyrė rutinore u talleshin marrėzi e tyre dhe pėr lakmi. Ethnicity is a fluid concept even at the best of times. Etnia ėshtė njė koncept i paqėndrueshėm edhe nė herė nė mėnyrė mė tė mirė. When it suited their purposes, the Greeks also divided themselves into Ionians and Dorians. Kur ajo tė pėrshtatshme qėllimet e tyre, grekėt veten tė ndarė gjithashtu nė Ionians dhe Dorians. The distinction was emphasized at the time of the Peloponnesian War, when the Ionian Athenians fought against the Dorian Spartans. Dallim i theksuar ishte nė kohėn e Luftės Peloponeziane, kur Jon athinasit luftonin kundėr Dorian Spartans. The Spartan general Brasidas even taxed the Athenians with cowardice on account of their Ionian lineage. Tė pėrgjithshme Brasidas spartan edhe taksohen e athinasit me frikė nė llogari tė tyre Jon racė. In other periods of history the Ionian-Dorian divide carried much less weight. Nė periudhat e tjera tė historisė Jon-Dorian ndajnė kryer shumė mė pak peshė.
    9. ↑ Herodotus on the Pelasgians and the Early Hellenes (George Rawlison, New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1885) - The Hellenic race has never, since its first origin, changed its speech. ↑ Herodoti nė Pelasgians dhe Early Hellenes (Xhorxh Rawlison, Nju Jork: D. Appleton dhe Company, 1885) - The Hellenic kurrė nuk ka garė, qė nga origjina e saj tė parė, e ndėrroi fjalim. This at least seems evident to me. Kjo tė paktėn duket se e qartė pėr mua. It was a branch of the Pelasgic, which separated from the main body, and at first was scanty in numbers and of little power; but it gradually spread and increased to a multitude of nations, chiefly by the voluntary entrance into its ranks of numerous tribes of barbarians. Ky ishte nje dege e Pelasgic, e cila ndahet nga kryesore tė trupit, dhe nė fillim ishte i vogėl nė numėr tė vogėl dhe tė pushtetit; por gradualisht u pėrhap dhe u rrit nė njė numėr tė kombeve, kryesisht nga vullnetare hyrje nė rradhėt e saj tė shumta fise e barbarians. The Pelasgi, on the other hand, were, as I think, a barbarian race which never greatly multiplied . The Pelasgi, nga ana tjetėr, ishin, sipas mendimit tim, njė garė barbare e cila kurrė nuk shumėzohen nė masė tė madhe.
    10. ↑ Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton, pp. ↑ Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton, pp. 9-10. Whether the Pelasgi were anciently a foreign or Grecian tribe, has been a subject of constant and celebrated discussion. 9-10. Nėse e Pelasgi u anciently huaj ose njė fis grek, ka qenė njė subjekt i konstant dhe festuan diskutim. Herodotus, speaking of some settlements held to be Pelaigic, and existing in his time, terms their language "barbarous;" but Mueller, nor with argument insufficient, considers that the expression of the historian would apply only to a peculiar dialect; and the hypothesis is sustained by another passage in Herodotus, in which he applies to certain Ionian dialects the same term as that with which he stigmatizes the language of the Pelasgic settlements. Herodoti, duke folur tė disa vendbanimeve tė tė mbajtur Pelaigic, dhe ekzistuese nė kohėn e tij, kushtet e tyre tė gjuhės "barbarous;" Muller por, as me argument tė pamjaftueshme, konsideron se shprehja e historianit do tė zbatohet vetėm pėr njė dialekt i veēantė; dhe hipoteza ėshtė e qėndrueshme nė kalimin nga njė tjetėr Herodoti, nė tė cilėn ai vlen pėr Jon disa dialekte tė njėjtin mandat si se me tė cilėn ai stigmatizes gjuha e Pelasgic vendbanimet. In corroboration of Mueller's opinion, we may also observe, that the "barbarous-tongued" is an epithet applied by Homer to the Carians, and is rightly construed by the ancient critics as denoting a dialect mingled and unpolished, certainly not foreign. Nė vėrtetim tė Muller e opinionit, ne gjithashtu mund tė vėzhguar, se "barbarous gjuhė" ėshtė njė epitet qė favorizon ekipin vendas tė aplikohet nga tė Carians, dhe ėshtė e drejtė e lashtė tė interpretohen nga kritikė denoting si njė dialekt i pėrzier dhe unpolished, sigurisht jo tė huaj. Nor when the Agamemnon of Sophocles upbraids Teucer with "his barbarous tongue," would any scholar suppose that Teucer is upbraided with not speaking Greek; he is upbraided with speaking Greek inelegantly and rudely. Dhe as kur e Agamemnonit Sofokliu upbraids Teucer me "barbarous gjuhėn e tij," do tė ēdo studiues mendoj se ėshtė upbraided me Teucer nuk fliste greqisht; ai ėshtė duke folur me upbraided greke inelegantly dhe nė mėnyrė tė vrazhdė. It is clear that they who continued with the least adulteration a language in its earliest form, would seem to utter a strange and unfamiliar jargon to ears accustomed to its more modern construction. Ėshtė e qartė se ata tė cilėt vazhduan me mė sė paku njė gjuhė adulteration nė formėn e saj tė hershme, do tė duket e ēuditshme pėr tė nxjerr njė zhargon tė panjohura dhe veshėt e tij pėr tė mėsuar mė moderne tė ndėrtimit.
    11. ↑ Buck, p. ↑ Buck, f. 79. The presence of the Pelasgians in Boeotia should represent in some traditions the original inhabitants, many, if not most, of whom were expelled to Athens. 79. Prania e Pelasgians nė Boeotia duhet tė pėrfaqėsojė nė disa traditat origjinale banorė, shumė prej tyre, nėse jo shumica, nga tė cilėt u dėbuan pėr nė Athinė. The confused story in Herodotus (6.137) about the expulsion of some (non-Athenian) Pelasgians from Athens may be a dim memory of the forwarding of refugees, closely akin to the Athenians in speech and custom, to the Ionian colonies. I hutuar nė histori Herodoti (6,137) nė lidhje me dėbimin e disa (jo-Athines) Pelasgians nga Athina mund tė jetė njė kujtim i zbehtė i Parashtroj e refugjatėve, Akin ngushtė tė fjalės dhe athinasit nė doganė, nė kolonitė e Jonit.
    12. ↑ Herodotus' Conception of Foreign Languages (Thomas Harrison, University College, London) - The entire frame within which the Greeks viewed foreign languages was, in a number of ways, very different. ↑ Herodoti 'konceptim i Jashtėm Languages (Thomas Harrison, University College London) - Tė gjithė kuadrin nė tė cilin grekėt shikuara gjuhė tė huaja u, nė njė numėr tė mėnyra shumė tė ndryshme. First, although on a number of occasions Herodotus refers to, or implies, the existence of a common Greek language, including the quotation with which I began (8.144.2), Herodotus has no unambiguous way of referring to dialect as distinct from language. Sė pari, edhe pse nė njė numėr rastesh Herodoti i referohet, ose nėnkupton, ekzistenca e njė tė pėrbashkėt tė gjuhės greke, duke pėrfshirė citat filloi me tė cilėn unė (8.144.2), Herodoti nuk ka asnjė mėnyrė pėr tė iu referuar qartė pėr tė dalluar nga dialekt si gjuhė. On one occasion he appears at first sight to come close to a formula for describing dialect. Nė njė rast ai duket nė shikim tė parė pėr tė ardhur pranė njė formulė pėr pėrshkruar dialekt. The cities of Ionia do not use the same language (glossan) as one another, but have four characteres glosses, or forms of language (1.142.3). Qyteti i Ionia nuk pėrdorin tė njėjtėn gjuhė (glossan) si njėri-tjetrin, por tė ketė katėr characteres glosses, ose forma tė gjuhės (1.142.3). He goes on immediately, however, in turning to the cities of Lydia (Ephesus, Colophon, Lebedus, Teos, Clazomenae and Phocaea) to say that these cities 'do not agree at all' in their language with the other Ionians but 'sound the same as one another' (homologeousi kata glossan ouden, sphisi de homophoneousi, 1.142.4). Ai vazhdon menjėherė, megjithatė, nė shndėrrimin e tė qyteteve Lydia (Efes, Colophon, Lebedus, Teos, Clazomenae dhe Phocaea) do tė thotė qė kėto qytete 'nuk pajtohem fare' nė gjuhėn e tyre me vendet e tjera por Ionians' tingujt e njėjtė me njėri-tjetrin '(homologeousi Kata glossan ouden, sphisi de homophoneousi, 1.142.4). Elsewhere Herodotus talks of the 'Attic language' (glossan, 6.138.2). Tjetėrkund Herodoti bisedimet e 'Attic language' (glossan, 6.138.2). This haziness in the distinction of language and dialect is not unique to Herodotus. Ky turbullim nė dallimin e gjuhės dhe dialekt nuk ėshtė unike pėr Herodoti. The expression 'the Attic language', for example, is used in the poetry of Solon; Thucydides can speak of the 'Dorian language' and Aeschylus of the Phocian. Shprehja 'tė Attic gjuhėn', pėr shembull, ėshtė pėrdorur nė poezinė e Solon; Thucydides mund tė flasin e tė 'Dorian language' dhe Eskili e Phocian. The term dialektos can be used of foreign languages and of the range of accents within a city[63] as much as of differences between cities or regions. The distinction between dialect and language is, of course, inevitably a hazy one, given that it is often dictated rather more by political than linguistic criteria .
    13. ↑ Herodotus' Conception of Foreign Languages (Thomas Harrison, University College, London) - In other instances, however, Herodotus concedes a greater degree of non-Greek influence on Greek. Herodotus' account, for example, of the adoption by the Pelasgians of the names of the gods (2.52.1) suggests a much closer relationship between the Pelasgian and Greek languages. Before they heard the names of the gods, the Pelasgians (assuming, interestingly, the existence of a number of gods) called them simply theoi, on the grounds that they had 'established (thentes) all affairs in their order'. This etymology, advanced apparently in all seriousness, seems to suggest that the Pelasgians spoke a language at least 'akin to' Greek .
    14. ↑ Procopiou, pp. 21-22. Our knowledge of the neolithic age is much greater. Some forty years ago excavations on the Athenian Acropolis and on other sites in Attica brought to light many indications of neolithic life - dwellings, vases, tools, skeletons of sheep - which confirmed the traditions recorded by Herodotus that the Athenians were descended from the Pelasgians, the neolithic inhabitants of Thessaly. Indeed the neolithic vases of Attica date from the earliest neolithic age (5520-4900) like the ceramics from the Thessalian acropolis of Sesclos, as well as from the later neolithic age (4900-3200) like those from the other Thessalian acropolis of Dimini...The search for traces of the neolithic age on the Acropolis began in 1922 with the excavations of the Italian Archaeological School near the Aesclepium. Another settlment was discovered in the vicinity of the Odeion of Pericles where many sherds of pottery and a stone axe, both of Sesclos type, were unearthed. Excavations carried out by the American Classical School near the Clepshydra uncovered twenty-one wells and countless pieces of handmade pottery, sherds of Dimini type, implements of later Stone Age and bones of domestic animals and fish. The discoveries reinforced the theory that permanent settlement by farmers with their flocks, their stone and bone tools and ceramic utensils had taken place on the rock of the Acropolis as early as the sixth millenium .
    15. ↑ French, p. 35. Skourta Plain project. The fourth and final season of the survey of the Skourta plain was conducted in 1989 by M. and MLZ Munn (ASCS). "Explorations begun in 1985 and 1987 were extended into new parts of the plain and surrounding valleys, so that by now a representative portion (approximately 25%) of most of the inhabitable areas of the three koinotites of Pyli, Skourta, and Stefani have been examined intensively. 66 sites were discovered or studied for the first time in the course of this highly productive season, yielding a total of 120 premodem sites studied by our survey since 1985. The survey should have identified all major settlement sites (over 5 ha) and a representative sample of smaller sites in the study area. A summary of the chief conclusions to be drawn from the four seasons can be made. ... MH settlement is established on two summits overlooking the plain (Al, A10), one of which, Panakton (Al), becomes the most substantial LH site in the area. A fortified MH settlement is also established on a peak in rugged country beyond the NE edge of the plain (Jl), between the Mazareika and Vountima valleys, in which other settlements are established in the LH era (B21, 52 also B33 in the Tsoukrati valley). The remoteness of this NE sector, and the great natural strength of the MH site and a nearby LH IIIC citadel (J2), suggest that the inhabitants of these glens and crags sought to protect and separate themselves from peoples beyond the peaks that surrounded them, perhaps because they were ethnically distinct and economically more or less independent of the Myc Greeks who dominated the plains. Traditions of Pelasgians in these mountains at the end of the BA raise the possibility that these may have been Pelasgian sites. Once abandoned, in the LH IIIC or PG eras, most of these sites in the NE sector are not again inhabited for well over a millennium. Elsewhere, within the more accessible expanse of the Skourta plain itself, LH settlements are established on many sites which are later again important in the C era (Al, B4, B7, B11, B18, C17, cf. A50, C3).

    References
    These references include both mainstream scholarship and fringe theories.

    * Akaki Urushadze. The Country of the Enchantress Media . Tbilisi, 1984, p. 25 (in Russian and English).
    * Alexander Fol. Trakijskijat orfizam . Sofia, 1986.
    * Angelo Procopiou and Edwin Smith. Athens: City of the Gods from Prehistory to 338 BC New York: Stein and Day, 1964.
    * Aristeidē P. Kollia. Arvanites kai hē katagōgē tōn Hellēnōn : historikē, laographikē, politistikē, glōssologikē episkopisē . Athens: [AP Kollias], 1985.
    * Dhimiter Pilika. Pellasget origjina jone mohuar . Tirane, 2005.
    * Donald A. Mackenzie. Myths of Crete and Pre-Hellenic Europe , 1917 ( Reviewed ).
    * EB French. "Archaeology in Greece 1989-90." Archaeological Reports , No. 36. (1989 - 1990), pp. 2-82 (JSTOR).
    * EJ Furnee. Vorgriechisch-Kartvelisches: Studium zum ostmediterranen Subtrat nebst einem Versuch zu einer neuen pelasgischen Theorie . Leuven-Louvian, 1979.
    * F. Schachermeyr. Die Ägäische Frühzeit. Forschungsbericht über die Ausgrabungen im letzten Jahrzehnt und über ihre Ergebnisse für unser Geschichtsbild. Bd. I. Die Vormykenischen Perioden des Griechischen Festlandes und der Kykladen . Vienna, 1979.
    * Giuseppe Catapano. Thot Parlava Albanese . Roma: Bardi, 1988.
    * JAR Munro. '"Pelasgians and Ionians." The Journal of Hellenic Studies , 1934 (JSTOR).
    * JL Myres. "A History of the Pelasgian Theory." The Journal of Hellenic Studies , 1907.
    * J. Melaart. The Neolithic of the Near East . London, 1975.
    * Jean Faucounau. Les Origines Grecques ą l'Age de Bronze . Paris, 2005.
    * Jean Faucounau. Les Proto-Ioniens : histoire d'un peuple oublié . Paris, 2001.
    * MG Abdushelishvili. The genesis of the aboriginal population of the Caucasus in the light of anthropological data . Tokyo, 1968.
    * Marchiano Stanislao. I Pelasgi e la loro lingua (1888).
    * Mathieu Aref. Albanie (Histoire et Langue): Ou l'incroyable odyssée d'un peuple préhellénique (2003).
    * Mathieu Aref. Grčce: (Mycéniens = Pélasges) ou la solution d'une énigme (2004).
    * Milan Budimir. Pelasto - Slavica (1956).
    * Milan Budimir. The Greeks and Pelasti (1950).
    * Nermin Vlora Falaschi. L'Etrusco lingua viva . Roma: Bardi, 1989.
    * Nicolae Densusianu. Dacia Preistorica . Bucharest, 1913.
    * Rismag Gordeziani. Pre-Grecian and Georgian . Tbilisi, 1985 (in Georgian, German summary).
    * Robert d'Angély. Des Thraces & des Illyriens ą Homčre . Nicariu, Corsica: Cismonte č Pumonti, c. 1990.
    * Robert d'Angély. Grammaire albanaise comparée . Paris: Solange d'Angély, 1998.
    * Robert d'Angély. L'Enigme . Vėll. I Les Pélasges, 1990 France; Vėll. II Des Thraces et des Illyriens ą Homčre, 1990 France; Vėll. III Des Etrusques ą l'Empire Byzantin, 1991 France; Vėll. IV De l'Empire ottoman - Les Albanais- De l'Epire, 1991 France; Vėll. V Les secrets des Epitaphes, 1991 France.
    * Robert J. Buck. A History of Boeotia. University of Alberta, 1979. ISBN 088864051X
    * Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton. Athens: Its Rise and Fall. Kessinger Publishing, 2004. ISBN 1419108085
    * Vladimir Georgiev. Trakite i tehnijat ezik . Sofia, 1977.
    * Zacharie Mayani. The Etruscans Begin to Speak . London: Souvenir Press, 1961.

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  5. #295
    Citim Postuar mė parė nga Le Chiffre Lexo Postimin
    Tema e Pellazgeve eshte nje teme shume e brishte. Sido qe ne te perdredhim dhe perkulim ate ngelet nje pyetje e madhe: - Ku jane librat ORIGJINALE te lashte te Homerit dhe "Grekerve" te lashte? Ju siguaroj une qe ato nuk "ekzistojne" me! Dhe e dini pse? Sepse ato u perkthyen ne gjuhen e "bukur" te Re Greke! - Gjithkush nga ju do te me "hidhet ne gryke" tani e do me thite, po cfar flet ky? Ceshte kjo gjuhe e bukur e Re Greke? Po a ka gjuhe me te bukur se gjuha me te cilen kane shkryar Homeri, Herodoti...e te gjithe filozofet e lashte?
    - He, kjo eshte ceshtja, ju nuk duihet te ma beni mua kete pyetje, se po te zgjidhej kjo, do te ishte zgjidhur lehte edhe enigma e madhe: - Homeri dhe filozofet e lashte shkruajten VETEM ne Pellazgjisht! Po ka ekzistuar Pellazgjishtja e shkruar. Ajo eshte gjendur ne nje nga bibliotekat me te lashta ne bote (e vetmja me e lashte dhe me e vjeter se biblioteka e Aleksandrise). Nje profesor i universitetit te Kazakistanit ka gjetur kete pergamen, ku poshte shkrimeve Greke jane gjetur herioglifet e gjuhes Pellazge.
    Ketu eshte spjegimi im....
    - Greket (por jo Helenet) nuk jane asgje me shume se populli Armen-i cili njihet per traditen e tij shetitese si arixhinjte, te cilet kishin shpikur gjuhen e tyre te shkruajtur, fene e tyre te cilat ishin te dyja SLLAVE. Ato erdhen dhe u nguliten ne trojet Pellazge ku punuan si sekretare dhe ne punet publike. KEto ishin njerez qe terhoqen prifterinjte e tyre, ndertuan kultet e tyre, pasi vete Pellazget ishin popull liberal...Ketu Armenet gjeten terren qe te merrnin avash avash edhe udheheqen ne konsujt/kuvendet e principatave...prifterinjte e tyre pregatiten Gjuhen e Re, dhe ne pergjithesi pregatiten tere terrenin qe te ndertonin edhe "Kombin e Ri Grek", i cili u mbeshtet fuqishem nga administrata publike e cila udhehiqej nga Armenet e dalluar tashme ne administgrim, dhe keshtu u shpik kjo e ashtuquajtur "Gjuhe e Re Greke", e cila me nje qrkore te vecante e quante herezi cdo shkrim ne Pellazgjisht.
    Nuk ka as sot Greke/Helene te lashte, nuk ekzistojne. Shikoni pronesine mbi token ne Greqi. Ajo ne mbi 78% u takon Arvanitasve-Pellazgeve,pra tregon se kjo toke u perket Pellazgeve/Ilireve/Arberve... Kombi Grek eshte pa baze dhe nuk mbart asnje nga historite e lashta, ato nuk i takojne Grekerve, por Heleneve, qe nuk ishin asgje me shume se Pellazge te vendosur ne kete vend qe quhej Helen. Ne fakt ne duhet ti referohem studiusve Gjermane, qe jane nga me te avancuarit ne prejardhjen e rracave. Ato ngulmojne se Pellazget kane jetuar ne tokat nga Spanja deri ne kufi me Turqine Veri-jug dhe me Rumanine (Romania) dhe me Bullgarine. Pra Pellazget jane nje popull shume i gjere. Diuhet se Romaket vete jane Pellazge. Ato kur erdhen te pushtojne Bizantin, ndaluan ne brigjet e Adriatikut dhe ushtrite u rreshtuan perballe per lufte. Romaket dhane urdher - Perpara, po keshtu bene edhe Pellazget e ketej detit. Ushtrite u ndalen perballe nga kjo habi dhe gjeneralet u takuan dhe filluan te flisnin te njejten gjuhe...cuditerisht e njejte...
    Edhe diskutimi i ketueshem mnbi Angline, dihet mjaft mire se Anglezet nuk jane asgje me shume se Pellazte, te cilet nen komanden e Romakeve dhe si pjese e perandorise se madhe pushtuan kete ishull barbaresh...pra ne nje fare mase ato jane populluar nga Pellazget.
    Edhe me vone, nen hordhite sllave qe u dynden ne gadishullin tone per vende me te nxehta e pjellore por me shume per te gjetur nje toke te shtronin kockat e popujve te tyre shetites (si ne rastine Armeneve), fiset Pellasge qe u ndeshen nen keto hordhi iken dhe moren popujt e tyre per vende me te sigurta, deri sa arriten ne Rusine e paane nga ku kane ngelur edhe fshatrat Pellazge qe flasin edhe sot gjuhen Arvanitase dhe nje pjese e mire nen komanden e mbretit Alban u hodhen tej detit e pushtuan Irlanden dhe Skocine (Scotia)...nga ku ka ngelur edhe nje nga emrfat me te shquar te ketyre popujve emri Alban/Albany, si dhe doket popullore si gajdja/bagpipe dhe fustanella/skirt....
    Nje pyetje tjeter qe kam eshte edhe kjo:
    -Nese Greket ishin nje popull kaq trim e heroik, qe kishin pushtuar boten e ku ta di une cfar perralallash kane nxjerre prifterinjte Armene, ku eshte ky popull? Vete Greqia sot eshtge rreth 10 milion banore, ku mese 60 % jane Arvanitas....sdihet sa se nuk ka rvidenca nga kombi me racist ne kete bote - Armenet-Greke. Pra nuk ka Greke, por ka Helene, qe ne vetvete ishin Pellazge. Do te thote ndonjeri, cfar po flet ky se na dalka cdo gje shqiptare/Albane/Ilire/Pellazge, e po mohohet kombi Grek...po kush komb? Ku eshte ky komb i lavdueshem? 4 milone banore sot ne shekullin e 21? Po 1200 BC, ku ishin? - Asgjekundi!
    Greket behen edhe qesharake kur kerkojne Maqedonine. Cfar ironie e fatit, kur dihet se ne Maqedoni (pa u ngaterruar me sllavet, se ato nuk quhen e nuk jane maqedonas) shumica, me mbi 86% jane shqiptare, pra pasardhes te PEllazgeve, dhe asnje Grek! ASNJE GREK ne kete krahine...! Edhe ne krahinen Maqedonase Greke, me shume pronesia mbi token i perket Arvanitasve! Tani Greket ose jane Helene, ose jane Maqedonas. Si ka mundesi te jene te dy ne te njejten kohe? Ironi e madhe kjo!
    Duke mos dash ta zgjas me shume kete shkrim e ta bej me te merziteshem, po them si perfundim: - Cfardo spjegimi ti jepet fjlanes Pellazg apo Ilyr/Ilir nuk nxjerrim gje. Gjuha ehte etnologjia me e sakte e historise se lashte. Dhe nese shikohen shkrimet mbi kultet e vjetra ne Akropulin e lashte apo kudo, ato jane me te vertete te shkruajtura me shkronja CIRILIKE Armene/Greke por kuptimi i tyre jepet vetem ne Pellazgjishten si gjuhe. Gjuha Greke as afrohet, as ka kuptim ne antikitet! Pellazgjishtja - kjo ka qene gjuha qe ka zberthyer tere keto mbishkrime te vjetra, Gjuha e Pellazgeve, gjuha e Antikitetit...gjuha e Homerit dhe historianeve dhe shkenvetareve te lahte....GREKE??????- Pellazge!
    Sot me modernizimin e kerkimeve shkencore ne histori, jane hapur te gjitha mundesite per te patur nje shikim shkencor mbi historine e lashte, e cila fatkeqesisht eshte neperkembur nga murgj te etur per gjak e per pushtime te quajtur murgj Armene, ne nje toke pjellore qe e quajten Greqi, toke qe me masjtrime ja moren Pellazgeve!

    Flm per kohen qe me kushtuat...
    Per mendimin tim i pasakte, kombi Grek lindi ne shek 18-19 PAS Krishtit, ata nuk vine qe nga lashtesia, gjuha e tyre eshte gjuhe e Kishes.
    e verteta dhe e drejta jane miq me te mire se edhe vete Platoni, miku im

  6. #296
    A mund te jesh pak me i permbledhur? Cila eshte domethenia e ketyre dy postimeve te gjata, ne temen e etimologjise se emrit pellazg?
    e verteta dhe e drejta jane miq me te mire se edhe vete Platoni, miku im

  7. #297
    i/e regjistruar Maska e ZANOR
    Anėtarėsuar
    25-09-2002
    Postime
    1,114
    Citim Postuar mė parė nga dias10 Lexo Postimin
    Per mendimin tim i pasakte, kombi Grek lindi ne shek 18-19 PAS Krishtit, ata nuk vine qe nga lashtesia, gjuha e tyre eshte gjuhe e Kishes.

    kjo ėshtė e saktė, e verifikuar me njohjen e kombeve, e as ka ekzistuar komb grek kurr para shek. 18. po nė tė kundėrten le ta verifikojnė kėta grekėt, e nuk munden kurrė ta verifikojnė, sepse vet bėnė falsifikimet e historiografisė illire!

    Homeri ishte pellgas e shkroi pellgasisht! Kėtė e verifikon SHQIPJA E VJETĖR, ku lidhet direkt me atė tė ashtuquajturen greqishtja e vjetėr!

    Ka llojlloj shenimesh pseudoshkencore edhe nė gjuhėt madhore, qė janė krejt falsifikime greke e grekofile!
    HISTORIA NUK SHKRUHET ME SHKROLA E SHKOKLA!

  8. #298
    Restaurator Orbis Maska e Baptist
    Anėtarėsuar
    20-11-2004
    Postime
    8,690
    PREHISTORIC DACIA Nicolae Densusianu 1913
    http://www.pelasgians.bigpondhosting.com
    Aeneas Dardanus
    Lavdi, pasthirrme fosilesh, germadhash e rrenojash vershelluese. -Eja pas meje!...

  9. #299
    Pellazg nese do i shtonim edhe nje SH perpara P, do dilte Shpellas, cka nese Sh eshte zdhukur.

  10. #300
    me 40 hajdutė Maska e alibaba
    Anėtarėsuar
    12-12-2005
    Vendndodhja
    Ne shpellen e pirateve
    Postime
    5,671
    PREHISTORIC DACIA Nicolae Densusianu 1913
    Edhepse ka gjėra jo tė qėllume, veē shumica janė tė vėrteta edhe interesant. E vizitoj shpesh kėtė faqe.

    Ia vlen me hy ēdokush nė kėtė faqe, se me tė vėrtetė na duhet njė drejtim, disa gjėra duhet tė pėrfundohen, tė marrin formėn pėrfundimtare, nė mėnyrė qė tė ngremė njė themel e tė vazhdojmė mė tej. Deri mė tash vetėm jemi munduar tė ngritemi, dhe pėrsėri ėshtė dashur tė kthehemi nė debat pėr gjėra tė tejkaluara, duke mbetur prapa.

Faqja 30 prej 52 FillimFillim ... 20282930313240 ... FunditFundit

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