Ky artikull me ra sot ne dore dhe fatkeqsisht eshte ne anglisht. Gjithsesi mu duk interesant duke qene se kishte nje permbledhje te ekonomise shqiptare me shifra "te sakta" (besoj). Ne ditet ne vazhdim nq se kam kohe do mundohem ta perkthej si dhe per ata qe jane te interesuar vazhdimin e aritukullit mund ta gjeni ketu. Injorojeni mesazhin nq se kjo teme eshte hapur me pare.
The rule of law in Albania has been held back by political instability, the pyramid collapse of 1997, the Kosovo crisis of 1999, and endemic corruption of government institutions and the electoral process. Levels of training and pay for members of the judiciary are low, and judicial corruption remains a significant problem. Investment is also deterred by a crumbling infrastructure. For example, the 19992001 drought exacerbated a crisis in the state-owned electricity company, which depends on hydroelectricity for its power. In 1999, only 58 percent of customers were paying for electricity; by late 2001, Tirana was lit for only around four hours a day, with the government subsidizing even this. Privatization of the electricity sector has been deferred. These shortcomings explain why nearly half of Albanians live on less than $2 per capita per day. Not surprisingly, up to 25 percent of Albanians of working age have left the country since the demise of communism. Despite real efforts to combat crime, the traffic in drugs, weapons, and people will continue to flourish so long as the government is unable to control Albania's borders, especially in the north of the country. Albania's fiscal burden of government score is 0.5 point better this year; however, its trade policy score is 1 point worse. As a result, Albania's overall score is 0.05 point worse this year.
Trade Policy
Score: 5-Worse (very high level of protectionism)
According to the World Bank, Albania's weighted average tariff rate in 1997 (the most recent year for which World Bank data are available) was 14.4 percent, up from the 10.77 percent reported in the 2002 Index. As a result, Albania's trade policy score is 1 point worse this year. Non-tariff barriers take the form of corruption in the customs clearance process. According to the Center for the Study of Democracy, "In Albania customs departments were seen as the most corrupt institutions."
Fiscal Burden of Government
Score: Income and Corporate Taxation: 2-Better (low tax rates)
Score: Government Expenditures: 5-Stable (very high level of government expenditure)
Final Score: 3.5 Better (high cost of government)
The International Monetary Fund reports that Albania's top income tax rate is 25 percent, down from the 30 percent reported in the 2002 Index; the marginal rate for the average taxpayer is 5 percent. Both the IMF and Ernst & Young report that the top corporate tax rate is 25 percent, down from the 30 percent reported in the 2002 Index. In 2000, government expenditures equaled 31.4 percent of GDP. Based on its lower top income tax rate and lower corporate tax rate, Albania's fiscal burden of government score is 0.5 point better this year.
Government Intervention in the Economy
Score: 3-Stable (moderate level)
The World Bank reports that the government consumed 10.9 percent of GDP in 2000. In the same year, according to the International Monetary Fund, Albania received 13.7 percent of its revenues from state-owned enterprises and government ownership of property.
Monetary Policy
Score: 2-Stable (low level of inflation)
From 1992 to 2001, Albania's weighted average annual rate of inflation was 3.15 percent.
Capital Flows and Foreign Investment
Score: 2-Stable (low barriers)
Foreign and domestic firms are treated equally under the law in Albania and are guaranteed safety from expropriation or nationalization. There is no approval process, and no sectors are closed to foreign investment. Albania controls foreign purchase of land. Political instability continues to discourage foreign investment and undermine the implementation of reform. Problems such as crime, corruption, and a thriving informal market continue to present impediments to foreign investment. The International Monetary Fund reports that both residents and non-residents are permitted to hold foreign exchange accounts. Payments and transfers exceeding a specified amount require supporting documentation but otherwise face no restrictions. The Bank of Albania must approve the purchase of capital and money market instruments, outward direct investment, most credit operations, and the purchase of real estate abroad by residents. The Albanian Securities Commission regulates transactions in these instruments.
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