Ali Pashë Tepelena, Luani i Janinës

[mallakastrioti]

Gerolymatos pohon ne kete liber se shqiptaret dallohen ne mes gjithe popujve te Ballkanit si luftetare te forte e trima dhe se Shqiperia ka nje trashegimi luftarake te fuqishme.(Albania has a powerful military legacy. Pg.113). Ai e argumenton kete me perjudhen e lavdishme te Skenderbeut te cilen e jep shume shkurt, por qe keto veti te ketij populli jane cfaqur per gjate gjithe historise dhe shton se per kete aresye edhe garda perandorake qe mbronte Kryeqytetin e Perandorise Turke si dhe korpusi i pare i ushtrise perbehej prej shqiptareve.( The Albanians were the hardiest and toughest recruits. Pg.116). Autori ne fjale per te argumentuar me tej kete cilesi te shqiptareve shton me tej se kacaket shqiptare u bene shembelltyra dhe modeli i luftetarit per kleftet greke dhe per armatolet por dhe per te gjithe ballkanasit.(The legend of the bravery and success of the Albanian bandit created a model for other Balkan brigands.Pg 118.). Aqe shume admiroheshin shqiptaret per guximin e trimerine e tyre sa qe jo vetem imitoheshin ne veprimtarine e tyre si luftetare, por filloi edhe imitimi i veshjes se tyre me fustanellen e bardhe te toskeve te Shqiperise. Ne shekujt e 18-te e 19-te Kacaket shqiptare, hayduks sllave dhe uskos serbe u bene njeres qe nderoheshin e respektoheshin dhe u thureshin kenge e poezi jo vetem si trima e si mbrojtes te bashkombasve por edhe si patriote meqenese ata prisnin e grabisnin karvanet e ushtrise Turke dhe autori thote se rrenjet e ketij fenomeni ishin ne Shqiperi.( …it had its roots in Albania. Pg 112). Keshtu kleftet greke dhe armatolet filluan te vishen me fustanellen e kacakeve toske te Shqiperise por shpejt kjo veshje u perhap dhe e veshen ate masivisht edhe luftetaret e revolucionit Grek dhe me vone ajo u be kostumi kombetar Grek.( The Albanians even set fashion for Balkan warriors with their kilts. Pg 112) .Sot, thote historiani Grek, ky model Shqiptar i veshjes, njihet si kostumi kombetar Grek dhe me krenari ai vishet sot nga rojet qe ruajne Parlamentin Grek. (Today this Albanian fashion….is instantly recognizable as the Greek national costume and it’s proudly worn by the men guarding Greek Parliament. Pg 113).

[mallakastrioti]

Mbi Ali Pashane...nga Gerolymatos:

Ali Pasha was the sum of contradictions: cruel and impetuous one moment and a benefactor to the Christians the next. "The boasted ability of Ali was displayed in subduing the Albanians, cheating the Ottoman government and ruling the Greeks".

Ali Pasha proceeded randomly in any direction provided by circumstance and chance for authority. His first goal was to reduce the CHRISTIAN ALBANIANS OF SULI a group that managed to achieve some measures of independence through a combination of geographic inaccessibility and Orthodox opposition to the Catholic West. The SULIOTS were a branch of THE SOUTHERN ALBANIAN TOSKS and until the 17th c, their territory belonged to an Ottoman timariot (a landholding lord) based in Ioannina.

When the Venetians gained possession of the Peloponnese through the Treaty of Carlowitz in 1699, however anarchy took over in the rest of the Balkans. ORTHODOX ALBANIANS formed armed bands to defend themselves against brigands whose numbers and activities thrived as a result. Instead of forcing THE CHRISTIAN ALBANIANS to give up their arms, the pashas of Albania and Northern Greece found common cause in combating the Catholic menace that had become established in southern Greece.

By the first quarter of the 18th c, the SULIOTS had been awarded control of a small Christian district in SOUTHERN ALBANIA.

For almost a century, the SULIOTS dominated the surrounding villages and offered protection to CHRISTIAN ALBANIANS who fell victim to the rapacious demands of the Ottoman authorities. The ethos of SULIOT was to fight and war was the only honourable occupation. Suliot women were also trained to use muskets, and on occasion they took part in fighting. Usually, they supported their men by carrying provisions and supplying them with ammunition during the course of the battle.
The lifestyle, of course, left very few means of support, so if protection dues were not forthcoming, the Suliots exacted tribute by force form the nearby Christian villages. By the time Ali Pasha took over Ioannina, there were numerous complains coming from the Christian and Muslims over the frequency of plundering activities and the general lawlessness of the Suliots…The fact that the Suliots were Christians made it possible for Ali to disguise his motives as a defence of the Sultan.

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ALI PASHA, IOANNINA and the GREEK REVOLUTION

By the early 19th c, Ali's machinations had made him the unlikely catalyst for the Greek revolution. His every calculated move, to outmaneuver the Sultan, enhanced the position of the Greek revolutionaries in general and those in Ioannina pashalik in particular. He used Greeks in civil administration and muslim Albanians in the military, and forged a series of complex series of alliances with the French and the British - all in an attempt to consolidtae power in his hands.

During this period, these regions were infested with dozens of outlaw bands that had brought trade almsot to a stand still. As a former bandit, Ali was familiar with the tactics and major hideouts of the brigands. For several years, he waged ruthless campaigns against his former associates and opponents...

Acc. to one writer, T.S.Hughes who in 1819 travelled through the territory administered by Ali Pasha..."There exists at present a security in these dominions...A police is organized, robbers are extirpated, roads and canals are made inpaired, rivers are rendered navigable, so that the merchant can now tranverse the Albanian districts with safety, and traveller with convenience. Agriculture improves, commerce increases; and the whole nation advances, perhaps unconsciously towards higher destinies and greater happiness."

At the end of the 18th c, Ioannina was one of the most urban centres of Greece and Albania. The town had a population of 30.000 and had evolved into a major hub of commerce and banking in the Balkans. Under Ali’s governance, Ioannina was also transformed into the literary capital of Greece and it soon became a place of refuge for Greeks and other Christians fleeing Ottoman authority. Ali Pasha became almost a patron of the arts and a protector of those persecuted by the Ottomans and Orthodox administrations. He encouraged and supported the founding of schools, colleges, and libraries and provided generous endowments to maintain those institutions. GREEK quickly assumed prominence as the literary language of SOUTHERN ALBANIA and was studied by Christians and Muslims alike. Yet, Ali Pasha had no real interest in either Greek or Albanian nationalism; he was simply using everything in his disposal to degrade the Ottoman authority. If his actions served the interests of the Greek revolutionaries, it was completely unintentional. His only interest was in maintaining and expanding the sphere of the Ioannina pashalik, and to do that, Ali had to eliminate all potential challengers to his rule.

In practical terms, this meant that in addition to destroying the neighbouring Turkish governors and local Turkish notables, he also had to reduce the military capability of the armatoli, squash the quasi-independent ALBANIAN CHRISTIAN villages, and destroy any significant klephts bands that could be used against him.

The demise of the Suliots completed the disarmament of all the Christian villages in the pashalik. Ali Pasha was now virtually the only military power in the region. Over the next 17 years, he continued to consolidate his power, but when he began to exterminate Muslim communities, it became apparent to Sultan that the Old Lion had intentions other than fidelity to the Ottoman empire...

Ali’s ambition however was not to be constrained by religion, ethnic or cultural scruples. After Sultan declared him a traitor, the wily Pasha resolved to co-opt the Albanians and Greeks into his schemes. He considered himself the natural chief of the Albanian Tosks and he assumed that he could easily become the political leader of the Greeks. Ali was aware of rumours about Greek plans for Revolution, and he was familiar with their desire for their own constitution and general assembly. In fact, he expected to create a strong national feeling in his favour by promising the Greeks a constitution and according to one account he even offered to convert to Orthodoxy to make himself more acceptable as the future head of the Greek State.

Although he was not quite sure of what was meant by constitution or a national assembly, he convened a meeting of Albanian chieftains, Greek notables and Orthodox clergyman. He addressed the assembly in Greek... Ali proceeded to describe his plans for rebellion, and in amore uncharacteristic of the Ottoman ruler, he condescended to ask for their help. He claimed to be opposing the Sultan because he was being persecuted by the viziers of the Sublime Port for his vigilant support of Albanian interests and for the protection he offered the Christians from the ruinous demands of the sultan’s agents. Albanians agreed with everything what Ali said, the Greek secretaries meanwhile assured Ali that it would be easy to incite the Greeks into a rebellion while the rest of Greek delegates remained silent. Few of them believed the pasha’s sudden concern for the welfare of the Orthodox. Thus, he was unable to gain a consensus (pages 135-142)

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http://it.youtube.com/watch?v=i3G3af...e=channel_page
http://it.youtube.com/watch?v=LTCkAop7QNc
http://it.youtube.com/watch?v=mUgDln...watch_response
http://it.youtube.com/watch?v=ABo3PM...e=channel_page

[mallakastrioti]

http://books.google.it/books?id=gskt...pacha#PPR11,M1

[Kreksi]

Ali Pasha i Tepelenes ne faqen e pare te librit nga Bajroni

[K.i EPERM]

Pershendetje
i kam lexuar disa shkrime te konsulve franqez te cilet ishin tek Ali Pasha(Julien Bessieres dhe F.Pouqueville si dhe mjeku Louis Franck i A.P)dhe sipas shkrimeve te tyre mbi jetën e A.P ata e permendin një perkthyes Shqiptar i cili paska jetuar më parë 15 vite ne Paris dhe sipas tyre paska qenë filozof dhe nga te gjitha bukurit e parisit paska zgjedh Atdheun ,por askund nuk permendet emri i tij;kisha pas deshir ta dij , nese e di dikush emrin e tij (per kurreshtje )flm për mirëkuptim.

Kalofshit mirë

[Kreksi]

Ke perplote te dhena per jeten e Ali Pash Tepelenes

Te gjitha keto libra mund ti regjistroni ne kompjuterin tuaj...ose ti vendosni ne ndonje forum...

http://books.google.com/books?pg=PA1...tput=html_text

http://books.google.com/books?prints...hl=fr#PPA39,M1

http://books.google.com/books?pg=PA1...tput=html_text

http://books.google.com/books?id=ats...tput=html_text

[Maars]

Greko-Kanadezi Andre Gerolymatos, professor ne Universitetin Kanadez “Simon Fraser University”, eshte i specializuar ne historine klasike e moderne, ne ate te luftrave e diplomatike dhe drejton kerkimet historike per Evropen Jugore ne kete universitet.
.

Pershendetje,
Ne fakt me sa di une mbiemri Gerolymatos eshte Arvanitas. Ndoshta edhe profesori i nderuar eshte prej fares sone.

[K.i EPERM]

FLM --Kreksi ----