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  1. #1
    Shqiptari Maska e J-X
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    Greqia e lashte sipas homerit

    Me poshte vijon ne anglisht si e ka pershkruar Homeri greqin e lashte dhe se nuk ben fjale as per maqedonas as per epir si popuj grek.


    This map describes the basileis or kingdoms as they existed in the time of myth, or more specifically at the time of the Trojan War.

    The map is based on Homer's catalogue of ships, using the towns and cities mentioned and other geographical landmarks to define the territories. Some is naturally guess-work or rough estimations, especially for the various kingdoms of Thessalia's broad plain.

    NB Regarding Ithaka & Doulikhion (Dulichium): I have not followed the Greek georgrapher Strabo's somewhat confused identifications of these western Islands (an ancient error that has been handed down to the present day). Ithaka, as it is described in the Iliad and the Odyssey, is most likely the western-most spur of the island of Kephallenia (and indeed there are ruins of an ancient Mykenian town facing the harbour). Doulichion is probably the southernmost island now named Zakynthos, and Zakynthos modern-day Leucas.

    ATTIKA & MEGARIS

    Capital: Athenai

    "The men who held Athenai, the strong-founded citadel, the deme of great-hearted Erekhtheus ... of these men the leader was Peteos' son Menestheus ... Following along with him were fifty black ships." - Homer, The Iliad 2.546

    SALAMIS

    Capital: Salamis

    "Out of Salamis Aias brought twelve ships and placed them next to where the Athenian battalions were drawn up." - Homer, The Iliad 2.557

    ARGOS (SOUTH), TROIZENOS & AIGINA

    Capital: Argos

    "They who held Argos and Tiryns of the huge walls, Hermione and Asine lying down the deep gulf, Troizenos and Eionai, and Epidauros of the vineyars, they who held Aigina and Mases, sons of hte Akhaians, of these the leader was Diomedes of the great war cry, with Sthenelos, own son to high-renowned Kapaneus, and with them as a third went Euryalos, a man godlike, son of Mekisteus the king, and scion of Talaos; but the leader of all was Diomedes of the great war cry. Following along with these were eighty black ships." - Homer, The Iliad 2.559

    ARGOS (NORTH), KORINTHOS & SIKYON

    Capital: Mykenai

    "The men who held Mykenai, the strong-founded citadel, Korinthos the luxurious, and strong-founded Kleonai; they who dwelt in Orneai and lovely Araithyrea, and Sikyon, where of old Adrestos had held the kingship; they who held Hyperesia and steep Gonoessa, they who held Pellene and they who dwelt about Aigion, all about the sea-shore and about the wide headland of Helike, of their hundred ships the leader was Agamemnon." - Homer, The Iliad 2.569

    LAKEDAIMONIA

    Capital: Sparta

    "They who held the swarming hollow of Lakedaimon, Pharis, and Sparta, and Messe of the dove-cotes, they who dwelt in Bryseiai and lovely Augeiai, they who held Amyklai and the seaward city of Helos, they who held Laas, and they who dwelt about Oitylos, of te=hse his brother Menelaos of the great war cry waws leader, with sixty ships marshalled apart from the others." - Homer, The Iliad 2.581

    MESSENIA

    Capital: Messene

    Messenia sent no independent contingent to the Trojan War. The presumed heirs to the throne of Messenia were the twins Idas and Lynkeus who were slain by the Dioskouroi just prior to the War. The kingdom may have then been incorporated into that of King Nestor's neighbouring Pylos.

    PYLOS

    Capital: Pylos

    "They who dwelt about Pylos and lovely Arene, and Thryon, the Alpheios crossing, and strong-built Aipy; they who lived in Kyparisseeis and Amphigeneia, Pteleos and Helos and Dorion ... the leader was the Gerenian horseman, Nestor, in whose command were marshalled ninety hollow vessels." - Homer, The Iliad 2.592

    ARKADIA

    Capital: Tegea

    "They who held Arkadia under the sheer peak, Kyllene, beside the tomb of Aipytos, where men fight at close quarters, they who dwelt in Orkhomenos of the flocks, and Pheneos, about Rhipe and Stratia and windy Enispe; they who held Tegea and Mantineia the lovely, they who held Stymphalos, and dwelt about Parrhasia, their leader was Angkaios' son, powerful Agapenor. Sixty was the number of their ships, and in each ship went many men of Arkadia, well skilled in battle." - Homer, The Iliad 2.603

    ELIS

    Capital: Elis

    "They who lived in Bouprasion and brilliant Elis, all as much as Hyrmine and Myrsinos the uttermost and the Olenian rock and Alesion close between them, of these there were four chieftains, and with each man ten swift vessels followed, with many Epeian men on board them. Of two tens Thalpios and Amphimakhos were leaders, of Aktor's seed, sons one of Kteatos, one of Eurytos. Ten more were led by Amaryngkeus' son, strong Diores, and of the fourth ten godlike Polyxeinos was leader, son of lord Agasthenes, of the race of Augeias." - Homer, The Iliad 2.615

    OLENOS

    Capital: Olenos

    The kingdom of Olenos was conquered by the Aitolians just prior to the Trojan War and so its troops participated as a part of the Aitolian contingent.

    EUBOIA

    Capital: Khalkis

    "They who held Euboia, the Abantes, whose wind was fury, Khalkis, and Eretria, the great vineyards of Histiaia, and seaborne Kerinthos and t he steep stronghold of Dion, they who held Karystos and they who dwelt about Styra, of these the leader was Elephenor, scion of Ares, son of Khalkodon and lord of the great-hearted Abantes. And the running Abantes followed with him, their hair gown long at the back, spearmen furious with the outreached ash spear... Following along with him were forty black ships." - Homer, The Iliad 2.536

    LOKRIS

    Capital: Oupos

    "Swift Aias son of Oileus led the men of Lokris, the lesser Aias, not great in size like the son of Telamon, but far slighter ... These were the dwellers in Kynos and Opoeis and Kalliaros, and in Bessa, and Skarphe, and lovely Augeiai, in Thronion and Tarphe and beside the waters of Boiagros. Following along with him were forty black ships of the Lokrians, who dwell across from sacred Euboia." - Homer, The Iliad 2.527

    MINYAI

    Capital: Orkhomenos

    "But they who lived in Aspledon and Orkhomenos of the Minyai, Askalaphos led these, and Ialmenos, children of Ares ... With these two there were marshalled thirty hollow vessels." - Homer, The Iliad 2.511

    BOIOTIA

    Capital: Thebes

    "Leitos and Peneleos were leaders of the Boiotians, with Arkesilaos and Prothoenor and Klonios; they who lived in Hyria and in rocky Aulis, in the hill-bends of Eteonos, and Skhoinos, and Skolos, Thespeia and Graia, and in spacious Mykalessos; they who dwelt about Harma and Eilesion and Erythrai, they who held Eleon and Hyle and Peteon, with Okalea and Medeon, the strong-founded citadel, Kopai, and Eutresis, and Thisbe of the dove-cotes; they who held Koroneia, and the meadows of Haliartos, they who held Plataia, and they who dwelt about Glia, they who led the lower Thebes, the strong-founded citadel, and Onkhestos the sacred, the shining grove of Poseidon; they who held Arne of the great vineyards, and Mideia, with Nisa the sacrosanct and uttermost Anthedon. Of these there were fifty sips in all, and on board each of these a hundred and twenty sons of the Boiotians." - Homer, The Iliad 2.494

    PHOKIS

    Capital: Krisa

    "Skhedios and Epistrophos led the men of Phokis, children of Iphitos, who was son of great-hearted Naubolos. They held Kyparissos, and rocky Pytho, and Krisa the sancrosanct together with Daulis and Panopeus; they who lived about Hyampolis and Anamoreia, they who dwelt about Kephisos, the river immortal, they who held Lilaia beside the well springs of Kephisos. Following along with these were forty black ships, and the leaders marshalling the ranks of the Phokians set them in arms on the left wing of the host beside the Boiotians." - Homer, The Iliad 2.511

    DRYOPIA

    Dryopia (the region later known as Ozolian Lokris) did not contribute any troops to the Trojan War. The kingdom was ruled by the Herakleidai (sons of Herakles) at the time of the War - see Thessalian Doros below (which was their main holding).

    AITOLIA

    Capital: Kalydon

    "Thoas son of Andraimon was leader of the Aitolians, those who dwelt in Pleuron and Olenos and Pylene, Kalydon of the rocks and Khalkis beside the sea-shore, since no longer were the sons of high-hearted Oineus living, nor Oineus himself, and fair-haired Meleagros had perished. So all the lordship of the Aitolians was given to Thoas. Following along with him were forty black ships." - Homer, The Iliad 2.638

    KEPHALLENIA, ITHAKA & ZAKYNTHOS

    Capital: Ithaka

    "Odysseus led the high-hearted men of Kephallenia, those who held Ithaka and leaf-trembling Neriton, those who dwelt about Krokyleia and rugged Aigilips, those who held Zakynthos and those who dwelt about Samos, those who held hte mainland and the places next to the crossing. All thse men were led by Odysseus, like Zeus in counsel. Following with him were twelve ships with bows red painted." - Homer, The Iliad 2.631

    DOULIKHION

    Capital: Doulikhion

    "They who came from Doulikhion and the sacred Ekhinai islands, where men live across the water from Elis, Meges was the leader of these, a man like Ares, Phyleus' son, whom the rider dear to Zeus had begotten, Phyleus, who angered with his father had settled Doulikhion. Following along with him were forty black ships." - Homer, The Iliad 2.625

    THESPROTIA

    Capital: Ephyra

    Thesprotia did not send any troops to the Trojan War. It was ruled by Queen Kallidike at the time.

    MALIS, PHTHIOTIS & DOLOPIA

    Capital: Trakhis

    “Now all those who dwelt about Pelasgian Argos, those who lived by Alos and Alope and at Trakhis, thos who held Phthia and Hellas the land of fair women, who were called Myrmidones and Hellenes and Akhaians, of all these and their fifty ships the lord was Akhilleus.” - Homer, The Iliad 2.681

    PHYLAKE

    Capital: Phylake

    “They who held Phylake and Pyrasos of the flowers, the precinct of Demeter, and Iton, mother of sheepflocks, Antron by the sea-shore, and Pteleos deep in the meadows, of these in turn fighting Protesilaos was leader while he lived … Yet these, longing as they did for their leader, did not go leaderless, but Pokarkes, scion of Ares, set them in order, child of Iphikles, who in turn was son to Phylakos rich in flocks, full brother of high-hearted Protesilaos.” - Homer, The Iliad 2.695

    IOLKOS

    Capital: Iolkos

    "They who lived by Pherai beside the lake Boibeis, by Boibe and Glaphyrai and strong-founded Iolkos, of their eleven ships the dear son of Admetos was leader, Eumelos, born to Admetos by the beauty among women Alkestis, loveliest of the daughters of Pelias." - Homer, The Iliad 2.711

    THAUMAKIA

    Capital: Thaumakia

    "They who lived about Thaumakia and Methone, they who held Meliboia and rugged Olizon, of their seven ships the leader was Philoktetes ... yet he himself lay apart in the island, suffering strong pains, in Lemnos the sacrosanct, where the sons of the Akhaians had left him in agony from the sore bite of the wicked water snake ... Yet these did not go leaderless, but Medon, the bastard son of Oileus, set them in order, whom Rhene bore to Oileus the sacker of cities." - Homer, The Iliad 2.716

    PHLEGYAI

    Capital: Trikke

    "They who held Trikke and the terraced place of Ithome, and Oikhalia, the city of Oikhalian Eurytos, of these in turn the leaders were two sons of Asklepios, good healers both themselves, Podaleirios and Makhaon. In their command were marshalled thirty hollow vessels." - Homer, The Iliad 2.729

    ORMENIOS

    Capital: Ormenios

    "They who held Ormenios and the spring of Hypereia, they who held Asterion and the pale peaks of Titanos, Eurypylos led these, the shining son of Euaimon. Following along with him were forty black ships." - Homer, The Iliad 2.734

    DOROS

    At the time of the Trojan War the kingdom of Doros was ruled by the Herakleidai (sons of Herakles). They did not take part in the Trojan War since the Heraklid suitor of Helene, Tlepolemos, had been exiled to the island of Rhodes.

    LAPITHAI

    Capital: Gyrtone

    "They who held Argissa and dwelt about Gyrtone, Orthe and Elone and the white city of Oloosson, of these the leader was Polypoites, stubborn in battle, son of Peirithoos whose father was Zeus immortal, he whom glorious Hippodameia bore to Peirithoos on that day when he wreaked vengeance on the Pheres [the Centaurs] and drove them from Pelion ... Following in the guidance of these were forty black ships." - Homer, The Iliad 2.738

    PERRRHAIBIA

    Capital: Kyphos, Dodona

    "Gouneus from Kyphos led two and twenty vessels, and the Enienes and the Perrhaibians stubborn in battle followed him, they who made their homes by wintry Dodona, and they who by lovely Titaressos held the tilled acres, Titaressos, who into Peneios casts his bright current: yet he is not mixed with silver whirls of Peneios, but like oil is floated along the surface above him." - Homer, The Iliad 2.748

    MAGNESIA

    "Prothoos son of Tenthredon was leader of the Magnesians, those who dwelt about Peneios and leaf-trembling Pelion. Of these Prothoos the swift-foted was leader. Following along with him were forty black ships." - Homer, The Iliad 2.756

    PIERIA

    Pieria did not send any troops to the Trojan War. The country was usually described in myth as a non-Greek land ruled by Thrakian kings.

    KRETE

    Capital: Knosos

    "Idomeneus the spear-famed was leader of the Kretans, those who held Knosos and Gortyna of the great walls, Lyktos and Miletos and silver-shining Lykastos, and Phaistos and Rhytion, all towns well established, and other who dwelt beside them in Krete of the hundred cities. Of all these Idomeneus the spear-famed was leader, with Meriones, a match for the murderous Lord of Battles. Following along with these were eighty black ships." - Homer, The Iliad 2.645

    RHODES

    Capital: Lindos

    "Herakles' son Tlepolemos the huge and mighty led from Rhodes nine ships with the proud men of Rhodes aboard them, those who dwelt about Rhodes and were ordered in triple division, Ialysos and Lindos and silver-shining Kameiros." - Homer, The Iliad 2.653

    SYME

    Capital: Syme

    "Nireus from Syme led three balanced vessels, Nireus son of Aglaia and the king Kharopos, Nireus, the most beautiful man who came beneath Ilion." - Homer, The Iliad 2.671

    KOS, NISYROS, KARPATHOS, KASOS

    Capital: Kos

    "They who held Nisyros and Krapathos and Kasos, and Kos, Eurypylos' city, and the islands called Kalydnai, of tehse again Pheidippos and Antiphos were the leaders. In their command were marshalled thirty hollow vessels." - Homer, The Iliad 2.676

    MELOS

    Capital: Melos

    Melos sent no troops to the Trojan War. Its king at the time was Polyanax.

    DELOS

    Capital: Delos

    Delos sent no troops to the Trojan War. Its king at the time was Anios.

    LEMNOS

    Capital: Lemnos

    Lemnos sent no troops to the Trojan War. Its king at the time was Euneus.

    SKYROS

    Capital: Skyros

    Skyros sent no troops to the Trojan War. Its king was Lykomedes who had Akhilleus' son Neoptolemos in his care. The island was probably merely a vassal of Malis-Pthiotis.

    SAMOS, KHIOS, NAXOS, PAROS, SAMOTHRAKE, THASOS

    None of these island kingdoms participated in the Trojan War.
    Fotografitė e Bashkėngjitura Fotografitė e Bashkėngjitura  

    Lyco Jay

  2. #2
    Rising Star and Legend Maska e Davius
    Anėtarėsuar
    20-04-2003
    Vendndodhja
    Underground
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    11,956

    Homeri i famshėm? Ishte njė grua

    Homeri? Tashmė duhet t’i harroni tė gjitha ato qė ju kanė mėsuar rreth kėtij poeti tė verbėr. Njė libėr qė sapo ka dalė nė Shtetet e Bashkuara tė Amerikės, ka hedhur njė tezė revolucionare: Sipas kėsaj teze, historiani dhe gjuhėtari Andrew Dalby shkruan nė librin e tij “Rediscovering Homer”, se poeti nė tė vėrtetė ishte njė grua. Njė grua qė shkruante pėr gratė. Dalby nuk ėshtė i pari person qė e hedh kėtė tezė. Qė nė periudhėn viktoriane, Samuel Bulter, njė anglosakson tjetėr, kishte thėnė se autori i Odisesė ishte njė grua, sepse poema, qė nė fakt zhvillohej nė njė mjedis jo ushtarak, paraqet njė lloj mishėrimi me personazhet femėrore. Dalby sjell argumente mė bindėse, ai bėn analiza tė krahasuara dhe antropologjike pėr mėnyrėn sesi i ruajnė gratė kėngėt, historitė dhe legjendat popullore. Ai pėrdor punėn dhe studimet e klasikėve amerikanė tė viteve tridhjetė, Milman Parry dhe Albert Long. Ky studim tregon se kultura e traditės gojore tė Iliadės dhe Odisesė ruhet edhe nė ditėt e sotme nė disa zona tė largėta tė Ballkanit, tė Finlandės, Irlandės, tė Rusisė dhe Azisė Qendrore. Dalby mendon se autori i kėtyre dy poemave ėshtė pikėrisht gruaja e ndonjė fisniku grek qė ka jetuar “nė shekullin e shtatė pėrpara Krishtit dhe qė mund tė ketė qenė bashkėkohėse e Arkilokut”. Njė e dhėnė shumė e rėndėsishme ėshtė pikėrisht pėrshkrimi i figurės sė Helenės sė Trojės dhe e Andomakės tek Iliada dhe e figurės sė Penelopės tek Odiseja. Sipas studiuesit anglez, vetėm njė grua do tė ishte nė gjendje tė pėrshkruante dhe tė paraqiste kėto figura me njė perceptim kaq femėror. Tė dyja poemat paraqesin pėrshkrime tė marrėdhėnieve seksuale, por ato pėrshkruhen nė njė mėnyrė qė tregojnė pėr fuqitė erotike dhe shtėpiake qė kishin gratė e kėsaj kohe, tė cilat i pėrdornin kėto fuqi, por duke ruajtur njėkohėsisht aparencėn e njė nėnshtrimi total. Dalby thotė se pėr sa i pėrket dimensioneve tė “Iliadės” dhe tė “Odisesė”, ato nuk mund tė krahasohen me asnjė vepėr tjetėr tė kėsaj kohe. “Gjashtė shekuj pėrpara Krishtit tė shkruaje poema kėrkonte njė mundim shumė tė madh”, - thotė Dalby. “Aedi, i cili mė parė duhet tė pėrzgjidhte skribin e tij (autori mendon se nuk janė i njėjti person), duhet tė kalonte javė tė tėra duke u marrė me kėtė projekt”. “Iliada duhet tė jetė shkruar nė njė vend privat, sforcimet kanė qenė tė gjata, personi qė e ka shkruar ka folur pėr orė tė tėra dhe i ėshtė dashur tė pėrqendrohet shumė, madje nuk ka mundur tė dėgjojė as duartrokitjet e publikut, qė nė tė tilla raste janė njė shpagim shumė i vyer pėr artistin”. Por kush mund tė kishte nė dispozicion lirinė, dėshirėn dhe fondet e nevojshme pėr tė bėrė diēka kaq tė veēantė? Dalby beson se pas “Iliadės” dhe “Odisesė” fshihet dikush qė ishte mėsuar tė krijonte nė vetmi, njė ai (mė saktė njė ajo) qė ishte mėsuar tė krijonte dhe tė vinte nė skenė njė spektakėl, duke qėndruar gjithmonė pas mureve tė shtėpisė. Ky studim, qė tregon pėr njė Homer-femėr, vė nė dukje rolin e grave nė epikat gojore tė shumė traditave kulturore. Sipas kėtij studimi, shumė kėrkues (qė zakonisht janė meshkuj), nuk e kanė vėnė re faktin se poemat mund tė ishin shkruar nga dora e njė gruaje, sepse nė fakt, kėto tė fundit, pra poeteshat, kishin zakon t’i kėndonin poemat e tyre nė mėnyrė private, pėrpara njė publiku tė caktuar qė zakonisht ishin pjesėtarė tė familjes sė tyre, ato dėshironin vetėm tė kėnaqnin veten e tyre dhe ata. Homeri femėr mund tė ketė qenė njė grua qė nuk i kishte problem paratė, madje ajo duhet tė ketė pasur edhe shumė skllevėr, tė cilėt janė kujdesur pėr shtėpinė gjatė kohės qė ajo merrej me krijim. Ajo do tė ketė qenė e bindur edhe pėr diēka tjetėr, pėr faktin qė “ekzistonte njė tjetėr kategori dėgjuesish qė nuk ishte imagjinuar nga aedėt meshkuj, njė publik mund tė arrihej vetėm me ndihmėn e shkrimit, dhe padyshim ky publik ishin gratė”
    My silence doesn't mean I am gone!

  3. #3
    Shqiptari Maska e J-X
    Anėtarėsuar
    20-03-2006
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    Ne Kasolle
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    omeri ka kenduar ne vitet 1100 bc iliada u shkrua ne vitin 800 me duket.

    Lyco Jay

  4. #4
    me 40 hajdutė Maska e alibaba
    Anėtarėsuar
    12-12-2005
    Vendndodhja
    Ne shpellen e pirateve
    Postime
    5,671
    Kėtė teorinė e amerikanit e vėrteton mė sė miri kėnga kreshnike "Omeri i ri"
    Pikėrisht ky ėshtė Omeri apo Homeri i vėrtetė qė u vesh si grua pėr tė luftuar kundėr armikut qė i kėrkoi dyluftim tė jatit tė saj.
    Po nga na doli se Rusia e finlanda qė janė toka mongole po rujkan elemente tė Iliadės?

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