Dockumentari i pare per roline e neconsrevative cifut ne politike dhe ne adminstrate :
Dockumentari i pare per roline e neconsrevative cifut ne politike dhe ne adminstrate :
Dokumentari i dyte i SHOWTIME mbi roline e obames qe ndoqi doktriunen e bushit dhe lobbit te neconservative
Libri
https://www.amazon.com/Host-Parasite.../dp/1450590349
Ndryshuar pėr herė tė fundit nga HFTengineer : 24-07-2016 mė 17:09
E shekputur nga fora per rolin e indivdual te AIPAC dhe pse e meohojne :
Richard Perle
“American political advisor and lobbyist who worked for the Reagan administration as an assistant Secretary of Defense and worked on the Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee from 1987 to 2004. He was Chairman of the Board from 2001 to 2003 under the Bush Administration.”
“He is a member of several conservative think-tanks, such as Project for the New American Century (PNAC), the Hudson Institute, and (as a resident fellow) the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research. He is also a Patron of the Henry Jackson Society. “
“Perle has written extensively on a number of issues; his cited research interests including defense, national security, and the Middle East. Perle had long been an advocate of regime change in Iraq. He also linked Saddam to Osama Bin Laden just a few days after 9/11”
“Perle chaired a study group that included Douglas Feith and David Wurmser that produced a strategy paper for the incoming Likud Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu: “A Clean Break: A New Strategy for Securing the Realm””
“In a New York Times article Perle was criticized for recommending that the Army purchase an armaments system from an Israeli company that a year earlier had paid him $50,000 in consulting fees.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Perle
“In 1996, Perle participated in a study group that produced a report for the incoming Likud-led government of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Israel that urged the country to break off then-ongoing peace initiatives and suggested strategies for reshaping the Middle East. Among the group’s arguments was the idea that “removing Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq [was] an important Israeli strategic objective in its own right.”
http://rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/1315
Paul Wolfowitz
“As U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense during the Presidency of George W. Bush, he was “a major architect of President Bush’s Iraq policy and, within the Administration, its most passionate and compelling advocate” (Boyer 1)”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz
Douglas Feith
“Douglas Feith is a former Pentagon official closely associated with the neoconservative political faction who has been investigated for allegedly distorting prewar intelligence on Iraq. Feith served as the deputy undersecretary of defense for policy, the number three position at the Pentagon, from July 2001 to August 2005.”
“Feith has been questioned by the FBI in relation to the passing by one of his employees of confidential Pentagon documents to the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), which in turn passed them to the Israeli Embassy. The Senate Intelligence Committee is also investigating Feith.”
“There seems little doubt that he operated in the Pentagon in such a way as to produce false and misleading ‘intelligence,’ that he created an entirely false impression of Iraqi weapons capabilities and ties to al-Qaida, and that he is among the chief facilitators of the U.S. war in Iraq. Feith is clearly resigning ahead of the possible breaking of major scandals concerning his tenure at the Department of Defense, which is among the more disgraceful cases of the misleading of the American people in American history.”
“Although Feith was not formally charged in connection to his work at the Pentagon, his work has been repeatedly investigated, and official reports have linked him to efforts to push faulty evidence to justify the war. One investigation, by the Department of Defense’s inspector general (IG), was set up to assess whether the Office of Special Plans (OSP), a specialized outfit set up by Feith within the Pentagon to scrutinize intelligence on Iraq, deliberately skewed information about the regime of Saddam Hussein (New York Times, May 25, 2006).”
“Feith also served on the board of the Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs (JINSA), a think tank that promotes a military and strategic alliance between the United States and Israel. [8]”
“Feith favors US support for Israel and has promoted US-Israeli cooperation. He also favors stronger US-Turkish cooperation, and increased military ties between Turkey and Israel. Both Feith and his father have been honored by the Zionist Organization of America (ZOA), a conservative organization that often makes common cause on foreign policy issues with conservative Christian organizations."
“His father, Dalck, was a member of the Betar, a Revisionist Zionist youth organization”
http://rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/1146
“The Betar Movement (בית"ר, also spelled Beitar) is a Revisionist Zionist youth movement founded in 1923 in Riga, Latvia, by Ze'ev Jabotinsky. Betar members played important roles in the fight against the British during the Mandate, and in the creation of Israel. It has been traditionally linked to the original Herut and then Likud Israeli political parties.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betar
Michael Ledeen
“Ledeen was a founding member of the Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs and he served on the JINSA Board of Advisors. In 2003, the Washington Post alleged that he was consulted by Karl Rove, George W. Bush’s closest advisor, as his main international affairs adviser.”
“Michael Ledeen had been accused of being involved in the forgery which claimed that Saddam Hussein had bought yellowcake in Niger.”
“Writing in The Nation, a left-wing magazine, Jack Huberman, who describes Ledeen as “the most influential and unabashed warmonger of our time”, attributes these quotes to Ledeen:[19]
* “the level of casualties (in Iraq) is secondary”
* “we are a warlike people (Americans)...we love war”
* “Change - above all violent change - is the essence of human history”
* “the only way to achieve peace is through total war”
* “The purpose of total war is to permanently force your will onto another people”
* “Every ten years or so, the United States needs to pick up some small crappy little country and throw it against the wall, just to show the world we mean business”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ledeen
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Scooter Libby
“an American former corporate lawyer, policy advisor, and novelist who served as Assistant to the President of the United States, George W. Bush, Chief of Staff to the Vice President of the United States, Dick Cheney, and Assistant to the Vice President for National Security Affairs from 2001 to 2005.”
“Libby was active in the Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee of the Pentagon when it was chaired by Richard Perle during the early years of the George W. Bush administration (2001-2003).[44]”
“British Secretary of State for Justice Jack Straw said of Libby: “It’s a toss-up whether [he] is working for the Israelis or the Americans on any given day.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooter_Libby
Charles Krauthammer
“Neoconservative columnist and commentator. Krauthammer appears regularly as a guest commentator on Fox News. His print work appears in the Washington Post, Time magazine and The Weekly Standard.”
“Krauthammer asserted that Saddam Hussein’s possession of weapons of mass destruction was certain”
“Krauthammer guaranteed that the weapons would eventually be discovered”
“Krauthammer has been a defender of the Likud party in Israel”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Krauthammer
Stephen Bryen
“Bryen is also closely connected to various high-profile neoconservatives like Richard Perle, under whom Bryen served when Perle was President Ronald Reagan’s assistant secretary of defense, and has supported the work of a number of hardline pro-Israel groups like the Center for Security Policy (CSP) and the Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs (JINSA).”
“In the mid-1970s, Bryen and a group of other mainly neoconservative figures, including Michael Ledeen, helped establish JINSA as an important Washington-based think tank specializing in fostering close ties between the U.S. and Israeli militaries”
“Bryen had a role in choosing not only what U.S. weaponry Israel would be allowed to purchase with those funds, but also what sensitive U.S. military technology would be made available to Israel for use in its own burgeoning arms industry.”
“Some observers have accused Bryen of using his insider connections in Washington to the benefit of Israel.”
“In a January 2002 article for National Review Online, Bryen pushed the erroneous thesis that Iraq had maintained a well-developed biological weapons program since the first Gulf War in 1991, making it the “leading threat” to “global survival.””
“Even prior to the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Bryen was part of a core group of foreign policy hardliners and neoconservatives who pushed for overthrowing Saddam Hussein”
http://rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/1063
David Frum
“David J. Frum (born 1960) is a former speechwriter for President George W. Bush”
“Frum is widely cited as having authored the phrase “axis of evil,” “
“Frum’s latest book, An End to Evil, was co-written with Richard Perle. It provided a defense of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and advocated regime change in Iran and Syria”
“Frum writes a weekly column for Canada’s National Post newspaper and is a commentator for American Public Radio’s “Marketplace.” His writings appear frequently in the New York Times, Italy’s Il Foglio, and the Daily Telegraph. He also writes a blog, David Frum’s Diary at the National Review Online Web site.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Frum
Robert Kagan
“American neoconservative scholar and political commentator.”
“Kagan worked at the State Department Bureau of Inter-American Affairs (1985-1988) and was a speechwriter for Secretary of State George P. Shultz (1984-1985). Prior to that, he was foreign policy advisor to New York Representative and future Republican vice presidential candidate Jack Kemp”
“Kagan, who has written for The New Republic, Policy Review, the Washington Post (monthly), and the Weekly Standard, now lives in Brussels, Belgium, with his family.”
“He is a co-founder of the Project for the New American Century (PNAC)”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Kagan
David Wurmser
“David Wurmser is a Swiss-American dual citizen and the Middle East Adviser to US Vice President Dick Cheney. Wurmser, a neoconservative, previously served as special assistant to John R. Bolton at the State Department and was a former research fellow on the Middle East at the American Enterprise Institute (AEI).”
“In 2000, Wurmser helped draft a document entitled “Ending Syria’s Occupation of Lebanon: the US Role?”, which called for a confrontation with the regime in Damascus. The document said that Syria was developing “weapons of mass destruction”.[2]”
“After the September 11, 2001 attacks, Undersecretary of Defense Douglas Feith appointed Wurmser and veteran defense analyst Michael Maloof as a secret two-man Pentagon intelligence unit. One of their products, days after the attacks, was a memo that suggested “hitting targets outside the Middle East in the initial offensive” or a “non-Al Qaeda target like Iraq.” “
“On September 4, 2004, the Washington Post reported that FBI counterintelligence investigators had questioned Wurmser, along with Feith, Harold Rhode, and Paul Wolfowitz about the passing of classified information to Ahmad Chalabi and/or the American Israel Public Affairs Committee. [4]”
Wurmser’s wife, Dr. Meyrav Wurmser, co-founded the Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI).”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Wurmser
Dov Zakheim
“During the 2000 U.S. Presidential election campaign, Zakheim served as a foreign policy advisor to George W. Bush “
“appointed to be Undersecretary of Defense and Comptroller from 2001 to 2004 under the George W. Bush administration, and served in this capacity until April 2004. During his term as Comptroller, he was tasked to help track down the Pentagon’s 2.6 trillion dollars ($2,600,000,000,000) worth of unaccounted transactions”
“As an Orthodox Jew, he gained notoriety for his involvement in ending the Israeli fighter program, the IAI Lavi. He argued that Israeli and U.S. interests would be best served by having Israel purchase F-16 fighters, rather than investing in an entirely new aircraft.”
“He is currently a Vice President of Booz Allen Hamilton.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dov_Zakheim
”Booz Allen Hamilton, Inc., referred to as Booz Allen is one of the oldest strategy consulting firms in the world.[1]”
“the firm generated annual total sales of over $4 billion in FY2007.[8]”
“In 2006 at the request of the Article 29 Working Group, an advisory group to the European Commission (EC), the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and Privacy International (PI) investigated the U.S. government’s SWIFT surveillance program and Booz Allen’s role therein. The ACLU and PI filed a memo at the end of their investigation which called into question the ethics and legality of a government contractor (in this case Booz Allen) acting as auditors of a government program, when that contractor is heavily involved with those same agencies on other contracts. The basic statement was that a conflict of interest may exist. Beyond that, the implication was also made that Booz Allen may be complicit in a program (electronic surveillance of SWIFT) that may be deemed illegal by the EC.”
“A June 28, 2007 Washington Post article [13] related how a U.S. Department of Homeland Security contract with Booz Allen increased from $2 million to more than $70 million through two no-bid contracts, one occurring after the DHS’s legal office had advised DHS not to continue the contract until after a review.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booz_Allen_Hamilton
Henry Kissenger
“In 2002, President George W. Bush appointed Kissinger to chair a committee to investigate the events of the September 11 attacks. “
“In 2006, it was reported in the book State of Denial by Bob Woodward that Kissinger was meeting regularly with President George W. Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney to offer advice on the War in Iraq.[38] Kissinger confirmed in recorded interviews with Woodward”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_kissinger
Norman Podhoretz
“He asserts that the War on Terror is a war against Islamofascism, and constitutes World War IV (World War III having been the Cold War), and advocates the bombing of Iran to pre-empt their acquisition of nuclear weapons.”
“Project for the New American Century, PNAC, original signer”
“”Podhoretz is the father of John Podhoretz, a columnist for the Rupert Murdoch-owned New York Post, who also acts as a ubiquitous booster of the hawks”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Podhoretz
John Podhoretz
“Podhoretz has been one of the most steadfast supporters of U.S. president George W. Bush, and even wrote a book extolling Bush as “the first great leader of the 21st century”.”
“Podhoretz is emphatic in his defense of Israel”
“However, Podhoretz was critical of the tactics used by Israel’s leadership in the recent Lebanon conflict, and argued that the Olmert government should have been more forceful in its efforts to weaken Hezbollah as a political and military force.”
“Podhoretz has a regular column at the New York Post, has been a political commentator on Fox News, and regularly appeared on CNN’s Reliable Sources. He has also worked at Time, the Washington Times, Insight, and U.S. News & World Report. Podhoretz is a contributor to The Corner, a group blog run by National Review.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Podhoretz
Elliot Abrams
“American lawyer who has served in foreign policy positions for two Republican U.S. Presidents, Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush.”
“During Bush’s first term in office, he was appointed the post of Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director on the National Security Council for Near East and North African Affairs. At the start of Bush’s second term, Abrams was promoted to be his Deputy National Security Advisor for Global Democracy Strategy, responsible for advancing Bush’s strategy of advancing democracy abroad. Although Abrams is considered a leading neoconservative”
“He was one of the signatories of the 26 January 1998 PNAC letter sent to President Bill Clinton which called for regime-change in Iraq.[17]”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliott_Abrams
Frederick Kagan
“Frederick Kagan and his father Donald Kagan, who is a professor at Yale and a fellow at the Hudson Institute, together authored While America Sleeps: Self-Delusion, Military Weakness, and the Threat to Peace Today (2000). The book argued in favor of massive military spending and warned of future threats, including from a potential revival of Iraq’s WMD program.[1] Frederick along with his brother Robert Kagan, who is a member of the Aspen Strategy Group, and their father Donald are all signatories to the neoconservative Project for the New American Century manifesto titled Rebuilding America’s Defenses (2000)”
“Kagan was said to have won-over the ear of President George W. Bush,[3] strongly influencing his subsequent “surge” plan for changing the course of the Iraq War”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Kagan
Donald Kagan
================================================== ==========================================
“became one of the original signers to the 1997 Statement of Principles by the neoconservative “think tank,” Project for the New American Century”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Kagan
Alan Dershowtiz
He is “”an American political figure and criminal law professor at Harvard Law School”
“Dershowitz comments regularly on issues related to Judaism, Israel, civil liberties, the war on terror, and the First Amendment, and appears frequently in the mainstream media as a guest commentator.””
“Dershowitz published an essay in the San Francisco Chronicle entitled “Want to Torture? Get a Warrant,” in which he advocates the issuance of warrants permitting the torture of terrorism suspects if there were an “absolute need to obtain immediate information in order to save lives”
“James Bamford, in his column for The Washington Post of September 8, 2002, reviews Dershowitz’s “idea of torture” and describes “[o]ne form of torture recommended by Dershowitz—‘the sterilized needle being shoved under the fingernails’” as “chillingly Nazi-like.””
“In his book Beyond Chutzpah, Norman Finkelstein” [who is Jewish] “comments: "It is hard to make out any difference between the policy Dershowitz advocates and the Nazi destruction of Lidice, for which he expresses abhorrence-except that Jews, not Germans, would be implementing it."[33]”
“His parents, Harry and Claire, were both devout Orthodox Jews”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Dershowitz
Daniel Pipes
“American historian and counter-terrorism analyst who specializes in the Middle East.”
“regular columnist for the New York Sun and The Jerusalem Post. He contributes regularly to David Horowitz’s online publication FrontPage Magazine, and he has had his work published by many newspapers across North America, including the Washington Post, New York Times, and Wall Street Journal.[citation needed] He is frequently invited to discuss the Middle East on American network television, as well as by universities and think tanks, has appeared on the BBC and Al Jazeera”
“Pipes and the organization were accused of attacking academic freedom in 2002 by publishing a list of academics critical of Israel and U.S. foreign policy”
“Pipes has served in various capacities at the Departments of State and Defense, while his father served on the National Security Council, and he has testified to the United States Congress”
“Pipes is an outspoken Zionist.”
“In 1987, Pipes encouraged the United States to provide Saddam Hussein with upgraded weapons and intelligence,[30] ostensibly to counterbalance Iran’s successes in the Iran-Iraq War”
“Pipes was a strong backer of the Iraq War, saying that Saddam Hussein posed an “imminent threat” to the United States.[2] In a New York Post article published April 8, 2003, Pipes expressed his opposition to Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak’s concerned prediction that “[the] war [in Iraq] will have horrible consequences...Terrorism will be aggravated...Terrorist organizations will be united...Everything will be insecure.” Though this concern was echoed by various other politicians and academics cited by Pipes in his article,[18] Pipes argued that “the precise opposite is more likely to happen: The war in Iraq will lead to a reduction in terrorism.””
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Pipes
Eliot Cohen
“Cohen is the Director of the Strategic Studies department at SAIS and has specialized in strategic studies, the Middle East, Persian Gulf, Iraq, arms control, and NATO. He is a member of the Project for the New American Century and was called “the most influential neoconservative in academe” by energy economist Ahmad Faruqui.[1] He is currently serving as Counselor to the U.S. State Department.”
“Cohen was one of the first neoconservatives to publicly advocate war against Iran and Iraq”
Quote by Cohen: “We know that he [Saddam Hussain] supports terror. There’s very solid evidence that the Iraqis were behind an attempt to assassinate President Bush’s father. And we—by the way, we do know that there is a connection with the 9/11 terrorists.”
“As a member of the Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee Cohen had also been engaged in meetings involving US President George Bush. During these meetings Cohen provided advice on strategy in the Iraq conflict”
“On 2 March 2007 it was reported by the Washington Post that Cohen was to be appointed as Condoleezza Rice’s “counselor” at the United States Department of State.”
“Regarding the “academic paper titled The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy. The paper criticizes the Israel lobby for influencing U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East away from U.S. interests and towards Israel’s interests. Eliot Cohen, who is Jewish, wrote in a prominent op-ed piece in The Washington Post that the academic working paper bears all the traditional hallmarks of anti-Semitism”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliot_Cohen
Bill Kristol
“He is the son of Irving Kristol, one of the founders of the neoconservative movement”
“Kristol was a strong advocate of the Iraq war”
“Most recently he has been a vocal supporter of the Israeli attack on Lebanon, stating that the war is “our war too,” referring to the United States. He continues to back the Iraq war, and favors a war with Iran”
“Kristol caused controversy by praising President George W. Bush’s second inaugural address without disclosing his role as a consultant to the writing of the speech.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Kristol
Irving Kristol
“considered the founder of American neoconservatism”
“Kristol is the founder of the politics and culture journal The Public Interest and the foreign affairs journal The National Interest.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Kristol
Max Boot
“He has been a prominent advocate for neoconservative foreign policy, once describing his own position as support for the use of “American might to promote American ideals” throughout the world.[1]”
“He is a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, a contributing editor to The Weekly Standard, a weekly columnist for the Los Angeles Times and a regular contributor to other publications including the Financial Times and The New York Times. “
“He is also a consultant to the U.S. military and a regular lecturer at U.S. military institutions such as the Army War College and the Command and General Staff College. He has previously worked for The Wall Street Journal and The Christian Science Monitor”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Boot
James Schlesinger
“James Rodney Schlesinger (born February 15, 1929) was United States Secretary of Defense from 1973 to 1975 under presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. He became America's first Secretary of Energy under Jimmy Carter.”
“Schlesinger was born in New York City to Rae, a Russian Jewish immigrant, and Julius Schlesinger, an Austrian Jew.”
“On February 2, 1973 he became Director of Central Intelligence, after Richard Helms”
“Thereafter he resumed his writing and speaking career and was employed as a senior adviser to Lehman Brothers, Kuhn Loeb Inc., of New York City. On June 11, 2002 he was appointed by U.S. President George W. Bush to the Homeland Security Advisory Council. He also serves as a consultant to the United States Department of Defense, and is a member of the Defense Policy Board. On January 5, 2006, he participated in a meeting at the White House of former Secretaries of Defense and State to discuss United States foreign policy with Bush administration officials. On January 31, 2006 he was appointed by the Secretary of State to be a member of the Arms Control and Nonproliferation Advisory Board. On May 2, 2006, he was named to be a co-chairman of a Defense Science Board study on DOD Energy Strategy.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Schlesinger
Marc Grossman
“Marc Grossman was the United States Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs
from 2001 to 2005.”
“Before assuming these duties, Grossman served as Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Political Military Affairs.”
“He was Director General of the Foreign Service and Director of Human Resources, from June 2000 to February 2001, and Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs, from August 1997 to May 2000. From November 1994 to June 1997, he served as U.S. Ambassador to Turkey. Prior to this, from January 1993 to September 1994, he was Special Assistant to the Secretary of State and Executive Secretary of the Department of State.
Before assuming these duties, Grossman served as Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Political Military Affairs. He was Executive Assistant to Deputy Secretary of State John C. Whitehead from September 1986 to January 1989.“
“he retired from the State Department as the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs. Ambassador Grossman served as the Department’s third-ranking official, supporting U.S. diplomacy worldwide. Following the September 11th attacks, he helped marshal international diplomatic support for the Global war on Terrorism and for the military campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Grossman
”Religion: Jewish”
http://www.nndb.com/people/532/000119175/
Joshua Bolten
“Joshua Brewster Bolten (born August 16 1954) is the current White House Chief of Staff serving U.S. President George W. Bush. Bolten replaced Andrew Card on April 14, 2006.”
“Bolten's father, Seymour, worked for the CIA”
“Formerly the Director of Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Bolten was confirmed by the U.S. Senate to that position in 2003. Bolten was Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy at the White House from 2001 to 2003. He previously served as policy director for the 2000 George W. Bush Presidential campaign from 1999 to 2000 and as Executive Director for Legal and Government Affairs at Goldman Sachs in London from 1994 to 1999.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten
Nje doumentar tjeter per te shqpjeguar kush jane neconservatisat
Kta jane njohur me perpara si NEW York intellectuals qe favorizoninm ide bolshevike, leniniste, sidomos pro Marxisiste ,Trotskism por "anti" staliniste per shkak te elminimit qe beri Stalini kundershtarve bolshevik, dhe kta qene pro neoliberalismit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ne..._Intellectuals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoliberalism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism
Ndryshuar pėr herė tė fundit nga HFTengineer : 24-07-2016 mė 18:05
Neokonservatoret jane njerez qe besojne se duhet te mbrohet tradita familjare, kultura, identiteti kombetar e moral dhe se shteti nuk duhet te perzihet ne te drejtat individuale. Pra jane njerez qe besojne dhe praktikojne vlerat krishtere dhe mbeshtesin politikat e tyre ne botekuptimin Teiist krishter. Derisa kjo nuk shndrrohet ne imponim nuk ka asgje te keqe nga konservatizmi.
Mos te harrojme se politikanet jane njerez, mund te gabojne ne vendimet qe i marrin. Gabimin me te madh qe kane bere eshte ideja e tyre e cmendur se mund te mbillet demokracia ne vendet islame. Kjo i ka kushtuar mijera jetera te ushtareve amerikane qe de fakto kane vdekur se koti, dhe banoreve te Afganistanit e Irakut. Iraku eshte e vertete se shpetoi nga Sadami por atje linden te tjere Sadame edhe me te rrezikshem. Afganistani eshte me mire se ne kohen e talibaneve por edhe atje per cdo dite islamistet vrasin njerez. Ne shqiptaret e Kosoves patem 3 viktima te pafajshme nga sulmet ne Mynih te Gjermanise dhe sa dhimbje u solli njerezve ne Kosove ajo vrasje, a paramendoje ne Afganistan qe kane per cdo 2-3 dite me nga 80 e me shume te vrare e me qindra te sakatuar qe kurre nuk do te mund te i perdorin me gjymtyret e tyre te humbura nga bombat.
Jo vella secili njeri normal dhe realist e kupton se aty nuk mund te mbillet demokracia, do te jemi gjalle e do te plakemi dhe atje ne vendet islame do te abuzohet me te drejtat e njeriut, do te vriten e vetvriten njerezit. Me 11 shtator ishte i perfshire sherbimi sekret saudit dhe jo Iraku e Sadami. Sherbimi sekret saudit e ka ditur se Bin Ladeni po pergatiste dicka dhe kete e heshti, por cka eshte me e keqja e heshten edhe politikanet te zgjedhur nga populli.
Sadami ka patur ideologji jo fetare, pra komuniste ateiste. Atje kultura eshte ashtu, vetem me diktature jane mesuar qe 1400 vite. Cdo ideologji qe e merr kontrollin e pergjithshem te shtetit eshte diktature.
A ja vlen te sakrifikohet aq shume me ushtare dhe fonde qe te u ndihmohet njerezve qe te nesermen qesin rreth brezit dinamit dhe hudhin veten ne ere duke menduar se do te shkojne ne parajse?!
Fajesohet Xhorxh Bushi?! Po Xhorxh Bushin e votuan vet amerikanet ne shumice. Per luften ne Irak dhe Afganistan votuan edhe demokratet. Nuk mund te sulmohen te gjithe konservatoret se gabimisht Xhorxh Bushi paska sulmuar Irakun.
Mesiah mos e merre personalisht, me duket se nuke kuptoke anglishten mire ose ske par dokumentaret mire.
Nuke e di e more vesh qe 95% e neoconservative jane cifuta dhe shumica konsiderhen dhe vete zionist, dhe mborjtes extrem te isrealit. A kupton cthuhet dokumentar qe thekson disa here ? Bushi ?
Po bushi kush e drejtote ne arenen nderkombtare dhe i jepte intelligjencen militare? E di si merr vendimet presidenti?
Pastaj i di relacjonet e paletsines dhe irakut para luftes dhe isrealit? O kshu ekonomia u rregullua mbas dhjete vjetesh me ne fund pse paunsia eshte prape e njejte meqe paksan mendjen aty ata? Nga u fut isis nga irakenet kur 66% jane shiah? Wahabismi as qe i praktikuar perpra dhe gjate kohes se sadamit dhe skishte lidhje.
Pse nuk ishte isis me perpara ne kohen e sadamit? E di nga i bie wahabismi dhe salafismi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism
? E ke parasysh qe saudet jane ortake kryesore te amerikes si ne geoplitiken https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_...ates_relations edhe ekonomi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrocurrency ?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islami...and_the_Levant
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, IPA /ˈaɪsᵻl/), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria[note 1] (ISIS, /ˈaɪsᵻs/),[32] and by its Arabic language acronym Daesh (داعش dāʿish, IPA: [ˈdaːʕiʃ]),[33][34] is a Salafi jihadist militant group that follows a fundamentalist, Wahhabi doctrine of Sunni Islam.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq–Palestine_relations
Saddam Hussein was widely revered in Arab nations for his anti-Israel stance and has supported several Palestinian guerrilla and militant organisations, and during the last Palestinian intifada Iraq subsidized families of Palestinian martyrs (including suicide bombers).Military action was taken by Israel when they bombed Iraq's Osirak nuclear reactor in 1981, fearing that Saddam would use it to develop nuclear weapons. Iraq did not respond until during the Persian Gulf war, in 1991, when Hussein's army fired 39 Scud missiles at Israel.
According to British author Nigel Ashton, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin sent a message to Saddam Hussein through King Hussein of Jordan requesting a meeting between him and Saddam. Rabin hoped peace with Iraq might encourage Iran and Syria to do the same. Rabin was assassinated on November 4, 1995, ending the contact between governments.[2] Rabin had previously supervised Operation Bramble Bush, a failed 1992 plan to assassinate Saddam with Sayeret Matkal commandoss.
Israeli independence to 2003 Iraq war[edit]
An oil line was built by the British in the 1940s, which crossed from Western Iraq through the British-ruled Emirate of Transjordan to British-ruled Palestine. After the 1948 birth of Israel, war erupted immediately with Iraq, Transjordan and other Arab countries. This forced the shutdown of the oil line and resulted in the diversion of Iraqi oil through a branch line to Syria.
Since 1948, Israel and Iraq have been implacable foes. Technically, Baghdad has been in a continuous state of war with Israel since 1948.[1] It sent armies to fight Israel in 1948 and 1967. Iraq also sent troops to provide back up for Syria's armed forces in the Yom Kippur War in 1973.
Military action was taken by Israel when they bombed Iraq's Osirak nuclear reactor in 1981, citing that Saddam might use it to develop nuclear weapons. Iraq did not respond.
During the Persian Gulf war in 1991 Iraq fired 39 Scud missiles at Israel.
In 1995, according to British author Nigel Ashton, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin sent a message to Saddam Hussein through King Hussein of Jordan requesting a meeting between him and Saddam. Rabin hoped peace with Iraq might encourage Iran and Syria to do the same. Rabin was assassinated in November, ending the contact between governments.[2] Rabin had previously supervised Operation Bramble Bush, a failed 1992 plan to assassinate Saddam with Sayeret Matkal commandos.[3]
In 2003, a US-UK led coalition of nations toppled Hussein's government in an effort called Operation Iraqi Freedom. Although, Israel was not included in the coalition, there were indications for its support. According to John Kerry, Netanyahu (as a private citizen) was profoundly forward-leaning and outspoken about the importance of invading Iraq.[5] It was reported in the Washington Post that Israel is urging United States' officials not to delay a military strike against Iraq's Saddam Hussein[6] It was also reported that Israeli intelligence provided Washington with alarming reports about Iraq's alleged program to develop weapons of mass destruction.[7]
Ndryshuar pėr herė tė fundit nga HFTengineer : 26-07-2016 mė 20:32
Kur nku po kuptoni qe sadami skishte lidhje fare me 9/11 qe vajten ne lufte fillimisht
https://www.antiwar.com/blog/2013/03...-greatest-lie/
Qe Alqida ndjek salafism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam...nk_allegations qe ska asnje lidhje me irakun dhe sadamin dhe bin laden qe nga arabia saudite dhe salafismi ndiqet ne arabi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/186471
dhe eshte pjese e sunitve, shume sunit ishin armiq te irakeneve ne pushte athere, lere faktin qe qene salfista qe eshte extremi dhe qe ishin pjese e saudve qe ishin ne lufte me irakun ne luften e golfit https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq–S...abia_relations
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein
Qe jo vetem aq por nuk u gjeten asnje arme nga ato qe seygjeruian me vone https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/oct/07/usa.iraq1
qe vdiqen me mira amerikane dhe iraken ne lufte https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casual...f_the_Iraq_War qe spati lidhje fare me sygjerimet qe kishte wepaon of mass destruiction https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_a...ss_destruction
dhe qe iraku ehste shume me keq sec ishte
http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/...m-9532742.html
si mund te kuptoni, gjeopoliken dhe mbrapaskenat dhe lobbet?
Ndryshuar pėr herė tė fundit nga HFTengineer : 26-07-2016 mė 21:06
Keta dokumentare nuk i kam pare me heret por i shikova kalimthi disa minuta por kam pare dokumentare te ngjashem. Repliken ta dhashe dhe shkruajta ato qe shkruajte si replika te ketyre argumentave te njerezve qe mendojne si keta personazhet ne dokumentare. Lufta e Irakut nisi ne pretekste fallse se Sadami kishte arme atomike por ne fakt qellimi ishte human, te futej demokracia. Ata mendojne se demokracia eshte 1 dite zgjedhje ne 4 vjet dhe keto 1459 ditet tjera duhet te kete vetem xhihad, lufte, vrasje, vellavrasje e masakra.Postuar mė parė nga HFTengineer
Nuk ka asnje indikacion se ShBA deshironte te vriste arabe te pa fajshem apo te shkatrronte, bile invadimi i Irakut u perkrah ne heshtje edhe nga Arabia Saudite. Nese arabet e Irakut do te deshironin te jetonin ne demokraci e liri ata sot do te ishin nder vendet me te pasura dhe me standartin me te larte te jeteses, por ata zgjodhen vella vrasjen dhe radikalizmin fetar. Nuk ishte hera e pare qe myslimanet zgjodhen vella vrasjen, ne 99.99% te kohes myslimanet dhe arabet gjate historise kane zgjedhur vellavrasjen.
Mesiah duhet te lexosh mik se po flet kot, nejse.
Cdemokraci thua? O shqiptar komplet neconservatistat pervec dy kokkrave qene cifute dhe ishin dora e presidentit ne vendime te asaj kohe dhe deri tani dhe qene zionista te deklaruar dhe kishin mardhenje me Israeilin dhe konsullatat e gjeoplitkes israelite. Po tishte per demokraci arabia saudite ka dhe kishte nje nga demokaricte me te kqija ne bote dhe ja ne raqe ja merrte dhe ja merrte irakut ehste deklaruar per dekada, pse snderhyne atje meqe e kishin tek demokracija??
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_...n_Saudi_Arabia
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/201...s/saudi-arabia
https://freedomhouse.org/report/free...3/saudi-arabia
Ndryshuar pėr herė tė fundit nga HFTengineer : 26-07-2016 mė 21:21
Mos ti futemi ekonomise neoliberalismit, ne demokraci qe se ke kap fare:
http://www.softpanorama.org/Skeptics...rd_mafia.shtml
si rasti i rusise qe dalin kundra sot te njejtej njerez dalin neper televizjone dhe e shajne si ne amerike dhe rusi, qene miq cifuta nga shume vende ekonmista amerikane qe kalonin ne deret e bankave te invetsimeve ne ny dhe rus si Anatoly Chubais [ qe u be dhe vete oligark kalovi tek goldman sach ] qe benin bashkpunim me njeri tjeterin ,ne kohen e nje idjoti plere, pupet si yelisn qe beri reforma disastrose dhe e covi ekonomine ne skamje ne krizen asiatike te 97 pershkak se u shkollonte nga kta te fundit, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin dhe ekonomistat cifut e ndane vendin deri me oligarket e tyre cifut te bere ne ate kohe qe mbas 90, e ndan pronat e vendit midis dhe i blene ato pronat me 1/70 se vleres reale.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privatization_in_Russia
Dhe cberi putini per poplluin e vet ne ekonomi qe sot shahet
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin
Dhe marveshjes i dha oligarkve te ber athere dhe ci beri atyre qe u larguan ne londer mbasi vodhen ndhe krizes qe krijuan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_oligarch
Ndryshuar pėr herė tė fundit nga HFTengineer : 26-07-2016 mė 22:04
Vella ky eshte (do te ishte) indikacion se qellimi nuk ishte futja e demokracise ne Irak nese injorojme argumentat tjere... pra nuk duhet te harrojme se plani amerikan ishte qe njehere te instalohej demokracia ne Irak pastaj ajo do te perhapej vetvetiu ne te gjitha vendet arabe me kohe. Nese do te sulmohej Arabia Saudite myslimanet e gjithe botes do te thonin: "Ja Amerika ka qellim shkatrrimin e fese islame ejani te shpallim lufte dhe xhihad". Pra duhet ta kuptojme se sulmi ndaj Arabise Saudite do te ishte i njejte sikur sulmi ndaj Vatikanit. Ky veprim do te konsiderohej si lufte fetare dhe jo lufte per demokraci e liri. Keto jane shtete kryekeput fetare...
Arabine Saudite nuk e kritikojne zyrtarisht asnje shtet, edhe pse atje njerezve te pafajshem u prehet koka sikur ne Siri nga ISIS... sauditet nuk ua prejne kokat njerezve me thika 20 centimetra sikur ISIS, por me shpata kah 1 meter e 20 centimeter... arabet thojne kjo eshte feja, kultura, tradita jone, askush s'mund te na perzihet ne ceshtjet e brendshme. Sadami ishte tjeter histori, ai kishte sulmuar edhe vende tjera.
Arabia Saudite ka ndikim te madh ne te gjitha shtetet e botes, mere shembullin e intervenimit ne Jemen, askush nuk ua prishe sauditeve, as USA as Rusia, as Kina, as Franca e Britania...
O plako arabie saudite eshte ortak i amerikes gjeja e pare, gjeja e dyte ne lindjen e mesme jan sulmuar te gjithe vendet muslimane ka dekada, po tishte se i plaste aq shume per muslimanet aty . Arabia sapo ja futi jemenit pse nuk u ngrit amerika ta qortonte meqe ka rolin e sjellejes se demokracise ? As qe se cau pallen . Amerika exporton demokraci aty ku i dalin kunder israelit dhe aty ku ka perfitime. E di pse quhet petro dollar, dollari dhe eshte global reserve currency?
Pastaj ekonomikisht ka rreth 15 vjete qe u fut demokracia ne irak.Gdp e irakut eshte rritur eksponencjalisht ndersa popunsia ka vajt ne kulmet e fillimit. Iraku nuk ka finance qe te eksportj vendet e punes dhe ekonomia nuk eshte aq dinamike nafta dhe buqsia bejne pjesen me te madhe te ekonomise. Ky eshte paradox te rritesh gdp meqe kishin ardhur vetem per demokraci po te mbash papunsine ne te njejtetnivele.
Ndryshuar pėr herė tė fundit nga HFTengineer : 27-07-2016 mė 07:15
Le ti pergjigjemi pyetjes tende meqense qeke ekspert fetar dhe nga gjeopolitika dhe ekonomia merrke vesh po aq shume.
Gjeja e pare meqense po e ben arabine baze. A e di luftrat e implikuara te arabise saudite kro 60 vitet e fundit?
Pra ne llogjiken tende pse irakut egjyptit i athershem dhe yemeni e shume te tjere do i dilnin kunder house of saudi apo shpise se saudve apo mbretrise meqenese e konsideronin si vend kryesor? A e kupto ti qe arabia saudite ka pat monopolin dhe ka persa i perket opekut dhe ka qene partneri kryesor i evropes dhe amerikes ne nafte dhe dollari eshte reserve currency per shkak te ktij partneriteti?
Simbas teje vendeve si irakut dhe njerzve dhe yemenit e shume te tjere qe humben stabilitetn dhe ekonomite e futin ne lufte i interesonte stabiliyeti ekonomik dhe personal me pak se ai fertar?
Nuk e di po te mungokan ca vida. A e kupton qe kina e ka partner arabine dhe varet nga nafta dhe rusia se eshte ne opec ? Si mendon ti se rusise dhe kines i interesonte ti binte me ameriken nga mbrapa dhe nje ortaku kryesor?
A e di ti ekonmikisht ca ka franca me arabine ?
E kupton to qe amerika anglia ka dekada qe nderhyn per israelin dhe kane sulmuar rreth 80 % te vendeve muslimane ne lindjen e mesme po ti plaste aq shume per muslimanet dhe stabilitetin aty.
E luften me jordanine, egjyptin sirine r shume te tjera duke ardh te kto te sotmet?
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List...volving_Israel
Ti plako me duket se jetoke ne nje planet theter.
Anuk e kupto qe ata qe po i futen ne politkat fetare flas u futen per shkak te skamjes dhe so u shtypen me dekada si palestina , iraku, irani e shume te tjere?
Ndryshuar pėr herė tė fundit nga HFTengineer : 27-07-2016 mė 08:23
O robo e kupto qe isis eshte wahabist apo e veshtire dhe isis doli mbas sadamit dhe iraku eshte shume me keq jo vetem politikisht por edhe ekonimikisht tek papunsia mbas 15 vjetesh. A e kupto qe amerika ska vene doren kundra isit ne irak deri tani, dhe e krijoi vete kte problem duke i financuar dhe aramtosur bashk me arabine saudite turqine dhe israelin qe i mjekonte me spitalet ne israel ,ne proxy wars?
A e merr vesh ti qe arabia saudite eshte wahabiste salfiste dhe alqaida eshte salfiste dhe bin laden eshte salfist dhe arab jo iraken dhe as qu gjet lidhje midis irakut.
A e kupto qe arabia saudite u shpall dhe ka dekada qe shpallet nga dy demokracite me te keqia ne bote se bashku me israelin nga shume organizata dhe madje dhe vete dhe united nation duke ja marre dhe atyre vendeve me te mbaruara?
A kupton qe ktu eshte paradoks dhe ironi pa fund dhe qe eshte per tu qeshur dhe kto lloj kllaunlliqesh kaq haptas qe vetem politka nuk mund te quhen as kalamajt nuk e hajn por prap vashdojne me propagande.
Ndryshuar pėr herė tė fundit nga HFTengineer : 27-07-2016 mė 08:58
mesia4ever (30-07-2016)
Iraku ka rreth 15 vjet qe gdp ngrihet ne vlera te konisderueshme duke qenese se nuk ka nje ekonomi te zakonshme dhe aq dinamike por kryesisht me nafte dhe bujqsi. Me perpara ja venin fajin sadamit kta te perendimi, po tani qe eshte demokraci , per sa i perket ekonominse ?
Me gjithe kte ngritje ne gdp rreth 15 vjetvje ka papunsime me te larte ne lindjen e mesme dhe emigracjonin me te madh madje me shum sec e kishte 15 vjet me perpara kur vendin e kishte sadami. Ky pra eshte paradox.
Ndryshuar pėr herė tė fundit nga HFTengineer : 27-07-2016 mė 10:22
41% rritja e varferise me shume se ne kohen e sadamitne ne zonat e isis dhe 13 -20 % ne zonat e tjera :
http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/po...rms-1887217637
Ndryshuar pėr herė tė fundit nga HFTengineer : 27-07-2016 mė 10:48
I nderuar dihet se Amerika shikon edhe interesat e veta ekonomike dhe politike dhe fatkeqesisht nuk eshte gjithnje e drejte, sic nuk eshte asnje shtet tjeter ne kete bote. A e di ti sa miliarda dollare kane shpenzuar sauditet duke blere armatimin e fundit amerikan. Ata duke bere vetem kete (pa e futur ketu interesat e politikes te 'petro-dollarit') kane krijuar qindra mijera vende pune ne USA (perkatesisht ne kompanite qe prodhojne armatim) andaj ketu ka hyre interesi i parase, ku hyn interesi per para drejtesia vdes. Kjo gjithmone ka qene keshtu dhe do te jete keshtu. Une se perkrahi kete politike, as Izarelin nuk e perkrahi pasi edhe aty luftohet besimi krishter nga ektremistet cifute (mund te te sjelle video ku cifutet u thojne misionareve te krishtere "shporruni, ikni tek Jezusi") dhe autoritetet cifute i injorojne keto akte, pastaj ka edhe dhune dhe presion psikologjik ndaj cifuteve qe duan te besojne ne Jezusin. Zionizmi ska te beje asgje me te krishteret, Biblen dhe krishterimin.
Kjo svaret nga une asgje, Izraeli me Arabine Saudite kane interesat e perbashketa kunder Iranit. As nuk perkrahi konservatoret apo neokonservatoret dhe as qe me intereson se cfare bejne, nese bejne dejtesi i perkrahi nese jo nuk i perkrahi.
Lindja e Mesme ka qene nje vend i shkrete, shkretetire e populluar nga arabet(popull me nuance ngjyre ndryshe nga arapet e sotem) devete dhe kojotat. Me pas me flakjen e popullit Hebre(nuk jane te gjithe hebrenj psh ngaterrestaret medhenj jane denime te zotit) ne ato brigje, pak nga pak Zoti(qe mund te krahasohet me diktatore te tmerrshem si Idi Amin qe ka shume klane engjejsh armike dhe po nxihet dita dites figura e tij por jo forca) e populloi kete vend me shpirtra djallezor, denime te skenes se historise ardhshme te hebrenjve, shpirtra qe i mundojne edhe sot me luftra dhe zjarre te cdo lloji!
Arabia saudite nuke e mbron nuk ka interesa me ameriken per shkak te armative, por pershkak se petro dollari mban gjithe ekonomine pra pa te do ishte nje zero.
Ti akoma nuk e kupton raportrin.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixon_shock
The Nixon shock [1] was a series of economic measures undertaken by United States President Richard Nixon in 1971, the most significant of which was the unilateral cancellation of the direct international convertibility of the United States dollar to gold.
While Nixon's actions did not formally abolish the existing Bretton Woods system of international financial exchange, the suspension of one of its key components effectively rendered the Bretton Woods system inoperative. While Nixon publicly stated his intention to resume direct convertibility of the dollar after reforms to the Bretton Woods system had been implemented, all attempts at reform proved unsuccessful. By 1973, the Bretton Woods system was replaced de facto by a regime based on freely floating fiat currencies that remains in place to the present day.
In 1944 in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, representatives from 44 nations met to develop a new international monetary system that came to be known as the Bretton Woods system. Conference members had hoped that this new system would “ensure exchange rate stability, prevent competitive devaluations, and promote economic growth."[2] It was not until 1958 that the Bretton Woods System became fully operational. Countries now settled their international accounts in dollars that could be converted to gold at a fixed exchange rate of $35 per ounce, which was redeemable by the U.S. government. Thus, the United States was committed to backing every dollar overseas with gold. Other currencies were fixed to the dollar, and the dollar was pegged to gold.
For the first years after World War II, the Bretton Woods system worked well. With the Marshall Plan, Japan and Europe were rebuilding from the war, and countries outside the US wanted dollars to spend on American goods — cars, steel, machinery, etc. Because the U.S. owned over half the world's official gold reserves — 574 million ounces at the end of World War II — the system appeared secure.[3]
However, from 1950 to 1969, as Germany and Japan recovered, the US share of the world's economic output dropped significantly, from 35% to 27%. Furthermore, a negative balance of payments, growing public debt incurred by the Vietnam War, and monetary inflation by the Federal Reserve caused the dollar to become increasingly overvalued in the 1960s.[3]
In France, the Bretton Woods System was called "America's exorbitant privilege"[4] as it resulted in an "asymmetric financial system" where non-US citizens "see themselves supporting American living standards and subsidizing American multinationals". As American economist Barry Eichengreen summarized: "It costs only a few cents for the Bureau of Engraving and Printing to produce a $100 bill, but other countries had to pony up $100 of actual goods in order to obtain one".[4] In February 1965 President Charles de Gaulle announced his intention to exchange its U.S. dollar reserves for gold at the official exchange rate.[5]
By 1966, non-US central banks held $14 billion, while the United States had only $13.2 billion in gold reserve. Of those reserves, only $3.2 billion was able to cover foreign holdings as the rest was covering domestic holdings.[6]
By 1971, the money supply had increased by 10%.[7] In May 1971, West Germany left the Bretton Woods system, unwilling to revalue the Deutsche Mark.[8] In the following three months, this move strengthened its economy. Simultaneously, the dollar dropped 7.5% against the Deutsche Mark.[8] Other nations began to demand redemption of their dollars for gold. Switzerland redeemed $50 million in July.[8] France acquired $191 million in gold.[8] On August 5, 1971, the United States Congress released a report recommending devaluation of the dollar, in an effort to protect the dollar against "foreign price-gougers".[8] On August 9, 1971, as the dollar dropped in value against European currencies, Switzerland left the Bretton Woods system.[8] The pressure began to intensify on the United States to leave Bretton Woods.
After his defeat at Mulayda, Abdul-Rahman ibn Faisal went with his family into exile in the deserts of eastern Arabia among the Al Murra bedouin. Soon afterward, however, he found refuge in Kuwait as a guest of the Kuwaiti emir, Mubarak Al Sabah. In 1902, Abdul-Rahman's son, Ibn Saud, took on the task of restoring Saudi rule in Riyadh. Supported by a few dozen followers and accompanied by some of his brothers and relatives, Abdul Aziz was able to capture Riyadh's Masmak fort and kill the governor appointed there by Ibn Rashid. Abdul Aziz, reported to have been barely 20 at the time, was immediately proclaimed ruler in Riyadh. As the new leader of the House of Saud, Abdul Aziz became commonly known from that time as "Ibn Saud".
Ibn Saud spent the next three decades trying to re-establish his family's rule over as much of the Arabian Peninsula as possible, starting with his native Najd. His chief rivals were the Al Rashid clan in Ha'il, the Sharifs of Mecca in the Hijaz, and the Ottoman Turks in al-Hasa. Ibn Saud also had to contend, however, with the descendants of his late uncle Saud ibn Faisal (later known as the "Saud al-Kabir" branch of the family), who posed as the rightful heirs to the throne. Though for a time acknowledging the sovereignty of the Ottoman Sultans and even taking the title of pasha, Ibn Saud allied himself to the British, in opposition to the Ottoman-backed Al Rashid. From 1915 to 1927, Ibn Saud's dominions were a protectorate of the British Empire, pursuant to the 1915 Treaty of Darin.
By 1932, Ibn Saud had disposed of all his main rivals and consolidated his rule over much of the Arabian Peninsula. He declared himself king of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia that year. Previously, he had gone through several titles, starting with "Sultan of Najd" and ending with "King of Hijaz and Najd and their dependencies." Ibn Saud's father, Abdul Rahman retained the honorary title of "imam." In 1937 near Dammam, American surveyors discovered what later proved to be Saudi Arabia's vast oil reserves. Before the discovery of oil, many family members were destitute.[18]
Ibn Saud sired dozens of children by his many wives. He had at most only four wives at one time. He divorced and married many times. He made sure to marry into many of the noble clans and tribes within his territory, including the chiefs of the Bani Khalid, Ajman, and Shammar tribes, as well as the Al ash-Sheikh (descendants of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab). He also arranged for his sons and relatives to enter into similar marriages. He appointed his eldest surviving son, Saud as heir apparent, to be succeeded by the next eldest son, Faisal. The Saudi family became known as the "royal family," and each member, male and female, was accorded the title amir ("prince") or amira ("princess"), respectively.
Ibn Saud died in 1953, after having cemented an alliance with the United States in 1945. He is still celebrated officially as the "Founder," and only his direct descendants may take on the title of "his or her Royal Highness." The date of his recapture of Riyadh in 1902 was chosen to mark Saudi Arabia's centennial in 1999 (according to the Islamic lunar calendar).
Upon Ibn Saud's death, his son Saud assumed the throne without incident, but his lavish spending led to a power struggle with the new crown prince, Faisal. In 1964, the royal family forced Saud to abdicate in favor of Faisal, aided by an edict from the country's grand mufti. During this period, some of Ibn Saud's younger sons, led by Talal ibn Abdul Aziz defected to Egypt, calling themselves the "Free Princes" and calling for liberalization and reform, but were later induced to return by Faisal. They were fully pardoned but were also barred from any future positions in government.
U.S. President Barack Obama offers condolences on death of Saudi King Abdullah, Riyadh, 27 January 2015
Faisal was assassinated in 1975 by a nephew, Faisal ibn Musaid, who was promptly executed. Another brother, Khalid, assumed the throne. The next prince in line had actually been Prince Muhammad, but he had relinquished his claim to the throne in favor of Khalid, his only full brother.
Saudi Arabia has an oil-based economy with strong government control over major economic activities. Saudi Arabia possesses 18%[15] of the world's proven petroleum reserves, ranks as the largest exporter of petroleum, and played a leading role in OPEC for many years.[16] The petroleum sector accounts for almost all of Saudi government revenues,[17] and export earnings. Most workers, particularly in the private sector, are foreigners.
Saudi Arabia was a subsistence economy until the 1930s. During the 1973 oil crisis Saudi began to grow rapidly and peaked around 1980.[25] In the mid 1980s the oil price dropped from a high of US$40 per barrel to around US$5, and the country built up a massive overseas debt.[20] From 2002 to mid-2008 oil prices recovered,[20] allowing the government to post budget surpluses, and boost spending.[citation needed]
Saudi Arabia was an economy based on subsistence agriculture by a population that was largely nomadic and very poor until the discovery of oil in the 1930s. To raise the price of oil, Saudi Arabia and several other major exporters (Venezuela, Iraq, Iran and Kuwait) founded the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), to regulate production.[25] The first five-year "Development Plan" was started in 1970,[26] and these have continued sequentially so that 2015 will be the first year of the tenth plan.[27]
During the 1973 oil crisis OPEC production cuts raised the price of petroleum from $3 per barrel to nearly $12. Saudi became one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. It enjoyed a substantial surplus in its overall trade with other countries; imports increased rapidly; and ample government revenues were available for development, defense, and aid to other Arab and Islamic countries. Another price jolt around 1980 during the Iran–Iraq War brought Saudi Arabia to what has (so far) been its economic peak (in terms of per capita income).[25]
But higher oil prices led to development of more oil fields around the world and reduced global consumption. The result, beginning in the mid-1980s, was a worldwide oil glut, with the oil price dropping from a high of US$40 per barrel to a low point of around US$5. This introduced an element of planning uncertainty for the first time in a decade. Saudi oil production, which had increased to almost 10 million barrels (1,600,000 m3) per day during 1980–81, dropped to about 2 million barrels per day (320,000 m3/d) in 1985. Budgetary deficits developed, and the government drew down its foreign assets.[28] Responding to financial pressures, Saudi Arabia gave up its role as the "swing producer" within OPEC in the summer of 1985 and accepted a production quota. Since then, Saudi oil policy has been guided by a desire to maintain market and quota shares.
In June 1993, Saudi Aramco absorbed the state marketing and refining company (SAMAREC), becoming the world's largest fully integrated oil company. Most Saudi oil exports move by tanker from oil terminals at Ras Tanura and Ju'aymah in the Persian Gulf. The remaining oil exports are transported via the east-west pipeline across the kingdom to the Red Sea port of Yanbu. A major new gas initiative promises to bring significant investment by U.S. and European oil companies to develop non-associated gas fields in three separate parts of Saudi Arabia. Following final technical agreements with concession awardees in December 2001, development should begin in 2002.
However, beginning in late 1997, Saudi Arabia again faced the challenge of low oil prices. Due to a combination of factors—the East Asian economic crises, a warm winter in the West caused by El Nińo, and an increase in non-OPEC oil production—demand for oil slowed and pulled oil prices down by more than one-third.
Saudi Arabia was a key player in coordinating the successful 1999 campaign of OPEC and other oil-producing countries to raise the price of oil to its highest level since the (Persian) Gulf War by managing production and supply of petroleum. That same year, Saudi Arabia established the Supreme Economic Council to formulate and better coordinate economic development policies in order to accelerate institutional and industrial reform.
Saudi Arabia acceded to the WTO in 2005 after many years of negotiations.
Most ti futemi krizave te naftes dhe presidnteve te tjere si Regan qe vashduan .
Arabia Saudite po mundohet te diversifikohet ne real estate kto vitete e fuindiet por prap nu ka nga tja mbaj parndaj komplet arabia mbahet nga raporti qe ka me petro dollar.
Ndryshuar pėr herė tė fundit nga HFTengineer : 18-09-2016 mė 20:38
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